[ruby-core:123322] [Ruby Feature#21615] Introduce `Array#values`

Issue #21615 has been updated by matheusrich (Matheus Richard).


>  I think it should be Array.new(*self).

I can do that, sure.

> That word is negative to convince us.

Noted! Good to know.

> Why not to introduce Array#each_value?

I think it feels clunkier than `array.values.each`, but is an alternative I considered. IMO it still makes me expect that a `#values` method would exist since it would be a word present in `values_at`, `fetch_values` and `each_value`.

IMO *both* could be added, so Array has an interface even more similar to Hash, but I decided to keep this small.


----------------------------------------
Feature #21615: Introduce `Array#values`
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21615#change-114686

* Author: matheusrich (Matheus Richard)
* Status: Open
----------------------------------------
## Motivation

In Ruby code, it's common to accept arrays and hashes and treat them uniformly as collections of values. `Hash` exposes `#values`, but `Array` does not, which pushes developers toward `is_a?`/`respond_to?` branching.

Following the **Principle of Least Surprise**, users may reasonably expect `Array#values` to exist because:

* Both `Array` **and** `Hash` already implement `#values_at`.
* `Hash` implements `#values` but `Array` does not.

### Example

Today:

```ruby
def normalize_records(input)
  items = input.respond_to?(:values) ? input.values : input

  items.each do |item|
    do_stuff_with_item(item)
  end
end
```

With `Array#values`:

```ruby
def normalize_records(input)
  input.values.each do |item|
    do_stuff_with_item(item)
  end
end
```

## Proposal

Add `Array#values`, returning `self`. Implementation could simply alias to `itself`:

```ruby
class Array
  alias_method :values, :itself
end
```

This yields a uniform interface for `Array` and `Hash` values without type checks.

### Alternatives considered

* `Enumerable#values`: defaulting to `to_a`, but I found it too broad of a change.
* `Array#each_value`: redundant as `Array#each` already covers iteration.


Patch: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/14641



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