[ruby-core:123195] [Ruby Feature#21564] Extend permutation, repeated_permutation, combination and repeated_combination arguments

Issue #21564 has been updated by toy (Ivan Kuchin).

Subject changed from Extend permutation, repeated_permutation, combination =
and repeated_combination argument to Extend permutation, repeated_permutati=
on, combination and repeated_combination arguments
Description updated

@nobu I was not sure what to select, Enumerable or multiple arguments, chan=
ged the proposal to use multiple arguments

@mame I've added few use cases

----------------------------------------
Feature #21564: Extend permutation, repeated_permutation, combination and r=
epeated_combination arguments
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21564#change-114526

* Author: toy (Ivan Kuchin)
* Status: Open
----------------------------------------
When using functions `permutation`, `repeated_permutation`, `combination` a=
nd `repeated_combination`, often one needs not one, but multiple permutatio=
n/combination sizes. Currently all functions accept one Integer argument (f=
or `permutation` it is optional and defaults to array size), and it would b=
e more powerful (not require iteration of lengths and possibly flattening) =
if it would accept multiple lengths:

```ruby
a =3D [1, 2, 3]

a.permutation(*1..3).to_a # =3D> [[1], [2], [3],
                          #     [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 1], [2, 3], [3, 1], [3,=
 2],
                          #     [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1],=
 [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]]

a.permutation(1, 3).to_a # =3D> [[1], [2], [3],
                         #     [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], =
[3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]]

a.permutation(3, 1).to_a # =3D> [[1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1]=
, [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1],
                         #     [1], [2], [3]]

a.repeated_permutation(2, 1).to_a # =3D> [[1, 1], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 1], [=
2, 2], [2, 3], [3, 1], [3, 2], [3, 3],
                                  #     [1], [2], [3]]

a.combination(*1..3).to_a # =3D> [[1], [2], [3],
                          #     [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 3],
                          #     [1, 2, 3]]

a.repeated_combination(*1..3).to_a # =3D> [[1], [2], [3],
                                   #     [1, 1], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 2], [2=
, 3], [3, 3],
                                   #     [1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 2], [1, 1, 3], [=
1, 2, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 3], [2, 2, 2], [2, 2, 3], [2, 3, 3], [3, 3, 3]]

# find right combination of letters
[*'a'..'z'].repeated_permutation(*3..6).find do |chars|
  correct_combination?(chars)
end

# na=EFve knapsack solution
def max_knapsack_value(items, weight_max)
  items.combination(*1..items.length)
    .map{ |items| [items.sum(&:weight), items.sum(&:value)] }
    .reject{ |weight_sum, _| weight_sum > weight_max }
    .max_by{ |_, value_sum| value_sum }
    &.last || 0
end
```

Hack in code to enhance current methods would be:
```ruby
class Array
  %i[
    combination
    permutation
    repeated_combination
    repeated_permutation
  ].each do |method_name|
    alias_method "original_#{method_name}", method_name

    class_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
      def #{method_name}(*counts, &block)
        return to_enum(__method__, *counts) unless block

        if counts.is_a?(Enumerable)
          counts.each do |count|
            original_#{method_name}(count, &block)
          end
        else
          original_#{method_name}(counts, &block)
        end
      end
    RUBY
  end
end
```



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