Re: GUI's and the Rouge, Part III (grand finally) 2/2

figures. as soon as post this i figure it out. never mind.

On Wed, 2002-07-24 at 19:37, Tom Sawyer wrote:
> has anyone gotten a chance to take a look at the GUtopIa code yet?
> 
> there's something very strange about it. something i can't figure out. i
> mean i wrote it and all, but i never explictly told it how to update the
> widget when the object changes. yet it does! how? i keep coming back to
> this and looking for some place in the code that does it, but i can't
> find it. very spooky.
> 
> ~transami
> 
> 
> On Tue, 2002-07-23 at 18:31, Tom Sawyer wrote:
> > well, i just read over my last post. sorry about all the typos. i needed
> > a break and didn't bother to proofread. but i'm sure you can make out
> > what i was trying to say where i blurbed. okay, now to the good stuff! 
> > 
> > i spent the last few days hacking out the first steps in the creation of
> > a super-duper ruby gui api, which i have dubbed GUtopIa (thanks rich).
> > just to kick things off here's a small clip of one of my examples (note
> > MyModels is drawn from an unshown require):
> > 
> >   INTERFACE = 'PDA'
> >   fruitapp = FruitApp.new
> >   mygui = GUtopIa::GUI.new('Fruity Fun Time')
> >   names = {
> >     'awindow' => fruitapp.appname,
> >     'aradio'  => fruitapp.fruitbasket.name
> >   }
> >   bindings = {
> >     fruitapp.fruitbasket.name => { 
> >       :value        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruit.isa },
> >       :value=       => Proc.new { |x| fruitapp.fruit.isa = x },
> >       :items        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruitbasket.contains },
> >       :event_change => Proc.new { fruitapp.pickafruit }
> >     }
> >   }
> >   model = MyModels.pick_model(mygui, INTERFACE)
> >   mygui.transaction(bindings, names, &model)
> >   mygui.build
> > 
> > the idea is that you take an instance of your application (FruitApp in
> > this case), completely untouched --you don't have to add or change a
> > single line of code (unless you want too ;-) you then create a model. a
> > model (not shown in example) is an executable description of the fixed
> > aspects of your gui. it has no references to any part of your app
> > (although you can do so if you don't care about SOC) it is a completely
> > independent entity and as such can be reused in other fitting contexts.
> > you can also draw on multiple sub-models. then you create a binding (as
> > seen above). this describes how an instance of your application
> > "interfaces" with your model. and then presto out comes you gui-ized
> > app.
> > 
> > also note that GUtopIa uses a transaction mechinism. this effectivly
> > bundles an executable model into a single execution. not only does this
> > increase speed, but also offers a means to rollback the effects of a
> > transaction should there be an error, adding much greater stability to
> > your gui-ized application.
> > 
> > some other things to note: bindings are actually integrated directly
> > into the class models of the widgets. when a widget is created it is
> > subclassed into a specialized class of that widget which includes
> > methods to react to the bindings described.
> > 
> > i've attached my work thus far so you can checkout all of this in
> > detail. be sure to run example.rb (the snipet above) and check out
> > orig-example.rb, which is a non-SOC version of the original Rouge/Utopia
> > example. then check out gutopia.rb which is the heart of the matter.
> > 
> > so that's the the word on implementation. i've taken the advice of
> > others and i have worked out what i think is shaping up to be the best
> > gui api design in existence. Curt Hibbs has offered me a wiki for this
> > project. (thanks curt) i will take him up on it. now i hope i can get
> > YOU enthused enough to help. there's real potential here, to not only
> > create an awsome gui api for ruby that is unique and powerful, but also
> > create a full-fledge game sdk! this thing looks to be awesome indeed.
> > 
> > i need people to take on a few tasks. a ruby wrapper needs to be created
> > for ClanLib and we need to build a Themes and Behaviors manager. someone
> > needs to hack out the communications layer (i've tried it with DRb and
> > ROMP but they bomb). and i could use some help finishing off the main
> > api. if we can pull together on this, ruby, our favorite little
> > scripting language, will have its very own GUI to rival all others!
> > 
> > as you might be able to tell, i'm very excited! i hope you are too!
> > 
> > thanks for your time and hope to hear from you,
> > 
> > ~transami :-)
> > 
> > 
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa Example - Application Layer
> > # Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > class FruitApp
> >   attr_accessor :appname
> >   attr_reader :fruitbasket, :fruit, :basketname
> >   def initialize
> >     @appname = 'Fruity Fun'
> >     @fruitbasket = FruitBasket.new
> >     @fruit = Fruit.new
> >   end
> >   def pickafruit
> >     puts "You got a #{@fruit.isa}!"
> >   end
> > end
> > 
> > class FruitBasket
> >   attr_accessor :name, :contains
> >   def initialize
> >     @name = 'Fruit Basket'
> >     @contains = ["None", "Apple", "Orange", "Banana"]
> >   end
> > end
> > 
> > class Fruit
> >   attr_accessor :isa
> >   def initialize
> >     @isa = "None"
> >   end
> > end
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa Daemon Example - Client
> > # Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > require 'drb'
> > require 'example-app'
> > require 'example-pre'
> > 
> > 
> > # Configure interface
> > 
> > INTERFACE = 'PDA'
> > puts "\nINTERFACE: #{INTERFACE}\n"
> > 
> > 
> > # Make GUI App
> > 
> > fruitapp = FruitApp.new
> > 
> > DRb.start_service()
> > mygui = DRbObject.new(nil, 'druby://localhost:8080')
> > 
> > names = {
> >   'awindow' => fruitapp.appname,
> >   'aradio'  => fruitapp.fruitbasket.name
> > }
> > 
> > bindings = {
> >   fruitapp.fruitbasket.name => { 
> >     :value        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruit.isa },
> >     :value=       => Proc.new { |x| fruitapp.fruit.isa = x },
> >     :items        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruitbasket.contains },
> >     :event_change => Proc.new { fruitapp.pickafruit }
> >   }
> > }
> > 
> > model = MyModels.pick_model(mygui, INTERFACE)
> > 
> > mygui.transaction(bindings, names, &model)
> > 
> > mygui.build
> > 
> > 
> > # Run some tests
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "MYGUI "
> > p mygui
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "MYGUI WIDGETS"
> > mygui.widgets.each_key do |k|
> >   puts k
> > end
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "THE WINDOW"
> > p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].class.superclass
> > puts "name: #{fruitapp.appname}"
> > puts "width: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].width}"
> > puts "height: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].height}"
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "THE RADIO"
> > p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].class.superclass
> > puts "name: #{fruitapp.fruitbasket.name}"
> > puts "items: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].items.join(', ')}"
> > puts "value: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > 
> > puts
> > puts
> > puts "TRY OUT!"
> > puts
> > puts "Current state of fruit and its widget:"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value = 'Banana'}"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa = 'Orange'}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Trigger event_change event:"
> > mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].event_change
> > puts
> > puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa = 'Apple'}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value = 'Banana'}"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > 
> > puts
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa Example - Models
> > # Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > require 'gutopia'
> > 
> > module MyModels
> > 
> >   def MyModels.pick_model(gui, which)
> >     case which
> >     when 'PC'
> >       return MyModels.pc_model(gui)
> >     when 'PDA'
> >       return MyModels.pda_model(gui)
> >     end
> >   end
> > 
> >   private
> > 
> >   # PC model using serial notatation (slower)
> >   def MyModels.pc_model(gui)
> > 
> >     Proc.new {
> >   
> >       # RadioBox
> >       r = gui.widgetFactory(:RadioBox, 'aradio')
> > 
> >       # Window
> >       w = gui.widgetFactory(:Window, 'awindow')
> >       w.width = 640
> >       w.height = 400
> >       w.grid = [ [ r ] ]
> >     
> >     }
> > 
> >   end
> > 
> >   # PDA model using parallel notation (faster)
> >   def MyModels.pda_model(gui)
> > 
> >     Proc.new {
> >   
> >       # RadioBox
> >       r = gui.widgetFactory(:RadioBox, 'aradio')
> > 
> >       # Window
> >       w = gui.widgetFactory(:Window, 'awindow',
> >         :width  => 320,
> >         :height => 240,
> >         :grid => [ [ r ] ]
> >       )
> >       
> >     }
> >     
> >   end
> > 
> > end  # MyModels
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa Daemon Example - Client
> > # Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > require 'romp/romp'
> > require 'example-app'
> > require 'example-pre'
> > 
> > 
> > # Configure interface
> > 
> > INTERFACE = 'PDA'
> > puts "\nINTERFACE: #{INTERFACE}\n"
> > 
> > 
> > # Make GUI App
> > 
> > fruitapp = FruitApp.new
> > 
> > client = ROMP::Client.new('tcpromp://localhost:8080')
> > mygui = client.resolve('gutopia-romp')
> > 
> > names = {
> >   'awindow' => fruitapp.appname,
> >   'aradio'  => fruitapp.fruitbasket.name
> > }
> > 
> > bindings = {
> >   fruitapp.fruitbasket.name => { 
> >     :value        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruit.isa },
> >     :value=       => Proc.new { |x| fruitapp.fruit.isa = x },
> >     :items        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruitbasket.contains },
> >     :event_change => Proc.new { fruitapp.pickafruit }
> >   }
> > }
> > 
> > model = MyModels.pick_model(mygui, INTERFACE)
> > 
> > mygui.transaction(bindings, names, &model)
> > 
> > mygui.build
> > 
> > 
> > # Run some tests
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "MYGUI "
> > p mygui
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "MYGUI WIDGETS"
> > mygui.widgets.each_key do |k|
> >   puts k
> > end
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "THE WINDOW"
> > p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].class.superclass
> > puts "name: #{fruitapp.appname}"
> > puts "width: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].width}"
> > puts "height: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].height}"
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "THE RADIO"
> > p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].class.superclass
> > puts "name: #{fruitapp.fruitbasket.name}"
> > puts "items: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].items.join(', ')}"
> > puts "value: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > 
> > puts
> > puts
> > puts "TRY OUT!"
> > puts
> > puts "Current state of fruit and its widget:"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value = 'Banana'}"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa = 'Orange'}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Trigger event_change event:"
> > mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].event_change
> > puts
> > puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa = 'Apple'}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value = 'Banana'}"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > 
> > puts
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa Example - Presentation
> > # Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > require 'gutopia'
> > require 'example-app'
> > require 'example-pre'
> > 
> > 
> > # Configure interface
> > 
> > INTERFACE = 'PDA'
> > puts "\nINTERFACE: #{INTERFACE}\n"
> > 
> > 
> > # Make GUI App
> > 
> > fruitapp = FruitApp.new
> > 
> > mygui = GUtopIa::GUI.new('Fruity Fun Time')
> > 
> > names = {
> >   'awindow' => fruitapp.appname,
> >   'aradio'  => fruitapp.fruitbasket.name
> > }
> > 
> > bindings = {
> >   fruitapp.fruitbasket.name => { 
> >     :value        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruit.isa },
> >     :value=       => Proc.new { |x| fruitapp.fruit.isa = x },
> >     :items        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruitbasket.contains },
> >     :event_change => Proc.new { fruitapp.pickafruit }
> >   }
> > }
> > 
> > model = MyModels.pick_model(mygui, INTERFACE)
> > 
> > mygui.transaction(bindings, names, &model)
> > 
> > mygui.build
> > 
> > 
> > # Run some tests
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "MYGUI "
> > p mygui
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "MYGUI WIDGETS"
> > mygui.widgets.each_key do |k|
> >   puts k
> > end
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "THE WINDOW"
> > p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].class.superclass
> > puts "name: #{fruitapp.appname}"
> > puts "width: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].width}"
> > puts "height: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].height}"
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "THE RADIO"
> > p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].class.superclass
> > puts "name: #{fruitapp.fruitbasket.name}"
> > puts "items: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].items.join(', ')}"
> > puts "value: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > 
> > puts
> > puts
> > puts "TRY OUT!"
> > puts
> > puts "Current state of fruit and its widget:"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value = 'Banana'}"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa = 'Orange'}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Trigger event_change event:"
> > mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].event_change
> > puts
> > puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa = 'Apple'}"
> > puts "widget=#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
> > puts
> > puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value = 'Banana'}"
> > puts "fruit=#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
> > 
> > puts
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa - ROMP Daemon
> > # Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > require 'drb'
> > require 'gutopia'
> > 
> > gutopia_drb = GUtopIa::GUI.new('DRb')
> > 
> > DRb.start_service('druby://localhost:8080', gutopia_drb)
> > DRb.thread.join
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa - ROMP Daemon
> > # Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > require 'romp/romp'
> > require 'gutopia'
> > 
> > gutopiad = GUtopIa::GUI.new('Romp')
> > 
> > server = ROMP::Server.new('tcpromp://localhost:8080', nil, true)
> > server.bind(gutopiad, 'gutopia-romp')
> > server.thread.join
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa API
> > # Copyright (c)2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > module GUtopIa
> > 
> >   # Returns a GUIFactory object
> >   class GUI
> > 
> >     attr_reader :name, :widgets
> > 
> >     def initialize(name)
> >       @name = name
> >       #
> >       @widgets = {}
> >       @names = {}
> >       @bindings = {}
> >       @transactions = []
> >     end
> > 
> >     # Method used to prefab GUI
> >     def transaction(bindings={}, names={}, &model)
> >       @names = names
> >       @bindings = bindings
> >       @transactions << Proc.new {
> >         #commit
> >         #begin
> >           model.call #(self)
> >           #commit
> >         #rescue ScriptError
> >           #rollback
> >         #rescue StandardError
> >           #rollback
> >         #end
> >       }
> >     end
> >     
> >     # Method used to build GUI
> >     #   This runs the all pending transactions
> >     def build
> >       @transactions.each do |transaction|
> >         transaction.call(@bindings)
> >       end
> >       @transactions.clear  # all done with those
> >     end
> >   
> >     # Widget Factory
> >     #   Returns a new widget object of specialized widget class
> >     def widgetFactory(widget, name, attributes={})
> >       
> >       # a widget string name will work too
> >       widget = widget.intern if widget.is_a?(String)
> >        
> >       # makes an anoynomous class as subclass of desired widget
> >       widgetClass = Class.new(GUtopIa.const_get(widget))
> >     
> >       # specialize class via bindings
> >       if @bindings[@names[name] || name]
> >         @bindings[@names[name] || name].each do |k, v|
> >           widgetClass.class_eval {
> >             define_method(k, v)
> >           }
> >         end
> >       end
> >         
> >       w = widgetClass.new(attributes)
> >       w.name = @names[name] || name
> >       @widgets[w.name] = w
> >       
> >       return w
> >       
> >     end
> > 
> >     #
> >     def alert(msg)
> >       puts msg
> >     end
> > 
> >     #
> >     def stop
> >       puts "stopping...#{@name}"
> >       exit
> >     end
> > 
> >     # Useful Class Methods?
> >     
> >     def GUI.screen_realestate
> >       # { :height => , :width => , :depth => }
> >     end
> >     
> >   end  # GUI
> >   
> >   
> >   # Widgets
> >   
> >   # ToDo: add a whole bunch more super widgets :-)
> >   #       attributes require validation
> >   
> >   class Widget
> >     attr_accessor :name
> >   end
> >   
> >   
> >   class Window < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :height, :width, :colordepth, :flags
> >     attr_accessor :caption, :icon, :background, :grid
> >     
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @height = attributes[:height] ? attributes[:height] : 200
> >       @width = attributes[:width] ? attributes[:width] : 200
> >       @colordepth = attributes[:colordepth] ? attributes[:colordepth] : 16
> >       @flags = attributes[:flags] ? attributes[:flags] : 0
> >       @caption = attributes[:caption] ? attributes[:caption] : nil
> >       @icon = attributes[:icon] ? attributes[:icon] : nil
> >       @background = attributes[:background] ? attributes[:background] : nil
> >       @grid = attributes[:grid] ? attributes[:grid] : []
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >     def show
> >       puts "showing window....#{@caption}"
> >     end
> >   
> >     def hide
> >       puts "hiding window...#{@caption}"
> >     end
> >     
> >   end  # Window
> > 
> > 
> >   class Panel < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :height, :width
> >     attr_accessor :background, :grid
> >     
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @height = attributes[:height] ? attributes[:height] : 200
> >       @width = attributes[:width] ? attributes[:width] : 200
> >       @background = attributes[:background] ? attributes[:background] : nil
> >       @grid = attributes[:grid] ? attributes[:grid] : []
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # Panel
> > 
> > 
> >   class Label < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :text
> >   
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @text = attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # Label
> >   
> > 
> >   class TextField < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :text, :value
> >   
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @text = attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
> >       @value = attributes[:value] ? attributes[:value] : nil
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # TextField
> > 
> > 
> >   class TextArea < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :text, :value, :cols, :lines
> >   
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @text = attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
> >       @value = attributes[:value] ? attributes[:value] : nil
> >       @cols = attributes[:cols] ? attributes[:cols] : nil
> >       @lines = attributes[:lines] ? attributes[:lines] : nil
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # TextArea
> > 
> > 
> >   class Button < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :text
> >     attr_accessor :event_pressed
> >   
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @text = attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
> >       # events
> >       @event_pressed = attributes[:event_pressed] ? attributes[:event_pressed] : nil
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # Button
> > 
> > 
> >   class RadioBox < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :value, :items
> >     attr_accessor :event_change
> >   
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @value = attributes[:value] ? attributes[:value] : nil
> >       @items = attributes[:content] ? attributes[:content] : nil
> >       # events
> >       @event_change = attributes[:event_change] ? attributes[:event_change] : nil
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # RadioBox
> > 
> >   
> >   class MenuBar < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :items
> >     
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @items = attributes[:items] ? attributes[:items] : nil
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # MenuBar
> >   
> >   
> >   class Menu < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :text, :items
> >     
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @text = attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
> >       @items = attributes[:items] ? attributes[:items] : nil
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # Menu
> > 
> > 
> >   class MenuItem < Widget
> >   
> >     attr_accessor :text
> >     attr_accessor :event_selected
> >   
> >     def initialize(attributes={})
> >       @text = attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
> >       # events
> >       @event_selected = attributes[:event_selected] ? attributes[:event_selected] : nil
> >       #
> >       super()
> >     end
> >   
> >   end  # MenuItem
> > 
> > end  # GUtopIa
> > ----
> > 
> 
> > # GUtopIa Example - Presentation
> > # Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License
> > 
> > require 'gutopia'
> > 
> > app = GUtopIa::GUI.new('My Application')
> > 
> > # here you must refer to widgets with app.widgets['widget's name']
> > bindings = {
> >   'quit' => {
> >     :event_selected => Proc.new {
> >       app.stop
> >     }
> >   },
> >   'about' => {
> >     :event_selected => Proc.new { 
> >       app.widgets['aboutWindow'].show
> >     }
> >   },
> >   'submit' => { 
> >     :event_pressed => Proc.new { 
> >       app.alert("And the fruit is...#{app.widgets['favoriteFruit'].text}")
> >       app.widgets['mainWindow'].hide
> >       app.stop
> >     }
> >   },
> >   'clear' => { 
> >     :event_pressed => Proc.new {
> >       app.widgets['favoriteFruit'].text = nil
> >     }
> >   },
> >   'close' => {
> >     :event_pressed => Proc.new {
> >       app.widgets['aboutWindow'].hide
> >     }
> >   }
> > }
> > 
> > # here you can refer to widgets with local name
> > #   or the app.widgets['widget's name']
> > app.transaction(bindings) {
> >     
> >   quit = app.widgetFactory(:MenuItem, 'quit',
> >     :text => 'Quit'
> >   )
> >   about = app.widgetFactory(:MenuItem, 'about',
> >     :text => 'About'
> >   )
> >   file = app.widgetFactory(:Menu, 'file',
> >     :text => 'File',
> >     :items => [ app.widgets['quit'] ]
> >   )
> >   help = app.widgetFactory(:Menu, 'help',
> >     :text => 'Help',
> >     :items => [ about ]
> >   )
> >   menu = app.widgetFactory(:MenuBar, 'menu',
> >     :items => [ file, help ]
> >   )
> >   firstName = app.widgetFactory(:TextField, 'firstName',
> >     :label => 'First Name',
> >     :label_position => :left
> >   )
> >   lastName = app.widgetFactory(:TextField, 'lastName',
> >     :label => 'Last Name',
> >     :label_position => :left
> >   )
> >   favoriteFruit = app.widgetFactory(:TextArea, 'favoriteFruit',
> >     :text => 'Banana',
> >     :cols => 5,
> >     :lines => 4,
> >     :readonly => false,
> >     :label => 'Favorite Fruit',
> >     :label_position => :top
> >   )
> >   submit = app.widgetFactory(:Button, 'submit',
> >     :text => 'Update',
> >     :image => 'check.png'
> >   )
> >   clear = app.widgetFactory(:Button, 'clear',
> >     :text => 'Clear'
> >   )
> >   fruit_panel = app.widgetFactory(:Panel, 'fruit_panel',
> >     :grid => [ [ firstName     ],
> >                [ lastName      ],
> >                [ favoriteFruit ],
> >                [ submit        ],
> >                [ clear         ] ]
> >   )
> >   mainWindow = app.widgetFactory(:Window, 'mainWindow',
> >     :caption => 'My Cool Window',
> >     :icon => 'myIcon.ico',
> >     :grid => [ [ menu        ],
> >                [ fruit_panel ] ]
> >   )
> >   aboutLbl = app.widgetFactory(:Label, 'aboutLbl', 
> >     :text => <<-DATA
> >     This is a very cool application
> >     that I created using the GUtopIa
> >     GUI API.
> >     DATA
> >   )
> >   close = app.widgetFactory(:Button, 'close',
> >     :text => 'Close'
> >   )
> >   aboutWindow = app.widgetFactory(:Window, 'aboutWindow',
> >     :caption => 'About My Cool App',
> >     :grid => [ [ aboutLbl ],
> >                [ close    ] ]
> >   )
> >   
> > }
> >     
> > app.build
> > 
> > puts
> > puts "select about from menu"
> > app.widgets['about'].event_selected
> > puts "click on close"
> > app.widgets['close'].event_pressed
> > puts "click on submit"
> > app.widgets['submit'].event_pressed
> > puts
> -- 
> ~transami
> 
> 
-- 
~transami