From: Tom Sawyer <transami@...>
Date: 2002-07-24T09:31:19+09:00
Subject: Re: GUI's and the Rouge, Part III (grand finally) 2/2


--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

well, i just read over my last post. sorry about all the typos. i needed
a break and didn't bother to proofread. but i'm sure you can make out
what i was trying to say where i blurbed. okay, now to the good stuff! 

i spent the last few days hacking out the first steps in the creation of
a super-duper ruby gui api, which i have dubbed GUtopIa (thanks rich).
just to kick things off here's a small clip of one of my examples (note
MyModels is drawn from an unshown require):

  INTERFACE = 'PDA'
  fruitapp = FruitApp.new
  mygui = GUtopIa::GUI.new('Fruity Fun Time')
  names = {
    'awindow' => fruitapp.appname,
    'aradio'  => fruitapp.fruitbasket.name
  }
  bindings = {
    fruitapp.fruitbasket.name => { 
      :value        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruit.isa },
      :value=       => Proc.new { |x| fruitapp.fruit.isa = x },
      :items        => Proc.new { fruitapp.fruitbasket.contains },
      :event_change => Proc.new { fruitapp.pickafruit }
    }
  }
  model = MyModels.pick_model(mygui, INTERFACE)
  mygui.transaction(bindings, names, &model)
  mygui.build

the idea is that you take an instance of your application (FruitApp in
this case), completely untouched --you don't have to add or change a
single line of code (unless you want too ;-) you then create a model. a
model (not shown in example) is an executable description of the fixed
aspects of your gui. it has no references to any part of your app
(although you can do so if you don't care about SOC) it is a completely
independent entity and as such can be reused in other fitting contexts.
you can also draw on multiple sub-models. then you create a binding (as
seen above). this describes how an instance of your application
"interfaces" with your model. and then presto out comes you gui-ized
app.

also note that GUtopIa uses a transaction mechinism. this effectivly
bundles an executable model into a single execution. not only does this
increase speed, but also offers a means to rollback the effects of a
transaction should there be an error, adding much greater stability to
your gui-ized application.

some other things to note: bindings are actually integrated directly
into the class models of the widgets. when a widget is created it is
subclassed into a specialized class of that widget which includes
methods to react to the bindings described.

i've attached my work thus far so you can checkout all of this in
detail. be sure to run example.rb (the snipet above) and check out
orig-example.rb, which is a non-SOC version of the original Rouge/Utopia
example. then check out gutopia.rb which is the heart of the matter.

so that's the the word on implementation. i've taken the advice of
others and i have worked out what i think is shaping up to be the best
gui api design in existence. Curt Hibbs has offered me a wiki for this
project. (thanks curt) i will take him up on it. now i hope i can get
YOU enthused enough to help. there's real potential here, to not only
create an awsome gui api for ruby that is unique and powerful, but also
create a full-fledge game sdk! this thing looks to be awesome indeed.

i need people to take on a few tasks. a ruby wrapper needs to be created
for ClanLib and we need to build a Themes and Behaviors manager. someone
needs to hack out the communications layer (i've tried it with DRb and
ROMP but they bomb). and i could use some help finishing off the main
api. if we can pull together on this, ruby, our favorite little
scripting language, will have its very own GUI to rival all others!

as you might be able to tell, i'm very excited! i hope you are too!

thanks for your time and hope to hear from you,

~transami :-)



--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=example-app.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=example-app.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa Example - Application Layer
# Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

class FruitApp
  attr_accessor :appname
  attr_reader :fruitbasket, :fruit, :basketname
  def initialize
    @appname =3D 'Fruity Fun'
    @fruitbasket =3D FruitBasket.new
    @fruit =3D Fruit.new
  end
  def pickafruit
    puts "You got a #{@fruit.isa}!"
  end
end

class FruitBasket
  attr_accessor :name, :contains
  def initialize
    @name =3D 'Fruit Basket'
    @contains =3D ["None", "Apple", "Orange", "Banana"]
  end
end

class Fruit
  attr_accessor :isa
  def initialize
    @isa =3D "None"
  end
end

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=example-drb.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=example-drb.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa Daemon Example - Client
# Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

require 'drb'
require 'example-app'
require 'example-pre'


# Configure interface

INTERFACE =3D 'PDA'
puts "\nINTERFACE: #{INTERFACE}\n"


# Make GUI App

fruitapp =3D FruitApp.new

DRb.start_service()
mygui =3D DRbObject.new(nil, 'druby://localhost:8080')

names =3D {
  'awindow' =3D> fruitapp.appname,
  'aradio'  =3D> fruitapp.fruitbasket.name
}

bindings =3D {
  fruitapp.fruitbasket.name =3D> {=20
    :value        =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.fruit.isa },
    :value=3D       =3D> Proc.new { |x| fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D x },
    :items        =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.fruitbasket.contains },
    :event_change =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.pickafruit }
  }
}

model =3D MyModels.pick_model(mygui, INTERFACE)

mygui.transaction(bindings, names, &model)

mygui.build


# Run some tests

puts
puts "MYGUI "
p mygui

puts
puts "MYGUI WIDGETS"
mygui.widgets.each_key do |k|
  puts k
end

puts
puts "THE WINDOW"
p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].class.superclass
puts "name: #{fruitapp.appname}"
puts "width: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].width}"
puts "height: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].height}"

puts
puts "THE RADIO"
p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].class.superclass
puts "name: #{fruitapp.fruitbasket.name}"
puts "items: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].items.join(', ')}"
puts "value: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"

puts
puts
puts "TRY OUT!"
puts
puts "Current state of fruit and its widget:"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value =
=3D 'Banana'}"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
puts
puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D 'Orange'}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Trigger event_change event:"
mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].event_change
puts
puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D 'Apple'}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value =
=3D 'Banana'}"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"

puts

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=example-pre.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=example-pre.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa Example - Models
# Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

require 'gutopia'

module MyModels

  def MyModels.pick_model(gui, which)
    case which
    when 'PC'
      return MyModels.pc_model(gui)
    when 'PDA'
      return MyModels.pda_model(gui)
    end
  end

  private

  # PC model using serial notatation (slower)
  def MyModels.pc_model(gui)

    Proc.new {
 =20
      # RadioBox
      r =3D gui.widgetFactory(:RadioBox, 'aradio')

      # Window
      w =3D gui.widgetFactory(:Window, 'awindow')
      w.width =3D 640
      w.height =3D 400
      w.grid =3D [ [ r ] ]
   =20
    }

  end

  # PDA model using parallel notation (faster)
  def MyModels.pda_model(gui)

    Proc.new {
 =20
      # RadioBox
      r =3D gui.widgetFactory(:RadioBox, 'aradio')

      # Window
      w =3D gui.widgetFactory(:Window, 'awindow',
        :width  =3D> 320,
        :height =3D> 240,
        :grid =3D> [ [ r ] ]
      )
     =20
    }
   =20
  end

end  # MyModels

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=example-romp.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=example-romp.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa Daemon Example - Client
# Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

require 'romp/romp'
require 'example-app'
require 'example-pre'


# Configure interface

INTERFACE =3D 'PDA'
puts "\nINTERFACE: #{INTERFACE}\n"


# Make GUI App

fruitapp =3D FruitApp.new

client =3D ROMP::Client.new('tcpromp://localhost:8080')
mygui =3D client.resolve('gutopia-romp')

names =3D {
  'awindow' =3D> fruitapp.appname,
  'aradio'  =3D> fruitapp.fruitbasket.name
}

bindings =3D {
  fruitapp.fruitbasket.name =3D> {=20
    :value        =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.fruit.isa },
    :value=3D       =3D> Proc.new { |x| fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D x },
    :items        =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.fruitbasket.contains },
    :event_change =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.pickafruit }
  }
}

model =3D MyModels.pick_model(mygui, INTERFACE)

mygui.transaction(bindings, names, &model)

mygui.build


# Run some tests

puts
puts "MYGUI "
p mygui

puts
puts "MYGUI WIDGETS"
mygui.widgets.each_key do |k|
  puts k
end

puts
puts "THE WINDOW"
p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].class.superclass
puts "name: #{fruitapp.appname}"
puts "width: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].width}"
puts "height: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].height}"

puts
puts "THE RADIO"
p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].class.superclass
puts "name: #{fruitapp.fruitbasket.name}"
puts "items: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].items.join(', ')}"
puts "value: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"

puts
puts
puts "TRY OUT!"
puts
puts "Current state of fruit and its widget:"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value =
=3D 'Banana'}"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
puts
puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D 'Orange'}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Trigger event_change event:"
mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].event_change
puts
puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D 'Apple'}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value =
=3D 'Banana'}"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"

puts

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=example.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=example.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa Example - Presentation
# Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

require 'gutopia'
require 'example-app'
require 'example-pre'


# Configure interface

INTERFACE =3D 'PDA'
puts "\nINTERFACE: #{INTERFACE}\n"


# Make GUI App

fruitapp =3D FruitApp.new

mygui =3D GUtopIa::GUI.new('Fruity Fun Time')

names =3D {
  'awindow' =3D> fruitapp.appname,
  'aradio'  =3D> fruitapp.fruitbasket.name
}

bindings =3D {
  fruitapp.fruitbasket.name =3D> {=20
    :value        =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.fruit.isa },
    :value=3D       =3D> Proc.new { |x| fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D x },
    :items        =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.fruitbasket.contains },
    :event_change =3D> Proc.new { fruitapp.pickafruit }
  }
}

model =3D MyModels.pick_model(mygui, INTERFACE)

mygui.transaction(bindings, names, &model)

mygui.build


# Run some tests

puts
puts "MYGUI "
p mygui

puts
puts "MYGUI WIDGETS"
mygui.widgets.each_key do |k|
  puts k
end

puts
puts "THE WINDOW"
p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].class.superclass
puts "name: #{fruitapp.appname}"
puts "width: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].width}"
puts "height: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.appname].height}"

puts
puts "THE RADIO"
p mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].class.superclass
puts "name: #{fruitapp.fruitbasket.name}"
puts "items: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].items.join(', ')}"
puts "value: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"

puts
puts
puts "TRY OUT!"
puts
puts "Current state of fruit and its widget:"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value =
=3D 'Banana'}"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"
puts
puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D 'Orange'}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Trigger event_change event:"
mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].event_change
puts
puts "Changing fruit to: #{fruitapp.fruit.isa =3D 'Apple'}"
puts "widget=3D#{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value}"
puts
puts "Changing widget to: #{mygui.widgets[fruitapp.fruitbasket.name].value =
=3D 'Banana'}"
puts "fruit=3D#{fruitapp.fruit.isa}"

puts

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=gutopia-drb.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=gutopia-drb.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa - ROMP Daemon
# Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

require 'drb'
require 'gutopia'

gutopia_drb =3D GUtopIa::GUI.new('DRb')

DRb.start_service('druby://localhost:8080', gutopia_drb)
DRb.thread.join

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=gutopia-romp.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=gutopia-romp.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa - ROMP Daemon
# Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

require 'romp/romp'
require 'gutopia'

gutopiad =3D GUtopIa::GUI.new('Romp')

server =3D ROMP::Server.new('tcpromp://localhost:8080', nil, true)
server.bind(gutopiad, 'gutopia-romp')
server.thread.join

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=gutopia.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=gutopia.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa API
# Copyright (c)2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

module GUtopIa

  # Returns a GUIFactory object
  class GUI

    attr_reader :name, :widgets

    def initialize(name)
      @name =3D name
      #
      @widgets =3D {}
      @names =3D {}
      @bindings =3D {}
      @transactions =3D []
    end

    # Method used to prefab GUI
    def transaction(bindings=3D{}, names=3D{}, &model)
      @names =3D names
      @bindings =3D bindings
      @transactions << Proc.new {
        #commit
        #begin
          model.call #(self)
          #commit
        #rescue ScriptError
          #rollback
        #rescue StandardError
          #rollback
        #end
      }
    end
   =20
    # Method used to build GUI
    #   This runs the all pending transactions
    def build
      @transactions.each do |transaction|
        transaction.call(@bindings)
      end
      @transactions.clear  # all done with those
    end
 =20
    # Widget Factory
    #   Returns a new widget object of specialized widget class
    def widgetFactory(widget, name, attributes=3D{})
     =20
      # a widget string name will work too
      widget =3D widget.intern if widget.is_a?(String)
      =20
      # makes an anoynomous class as subclass of desired widget
      widgetClass =3D Class.new(GUtopIa.const_get(widget))
   =20
      # specialize class via bindings
      if @bindings[@names[name] || name]
        @bindings[@names[name] || name].each do |k, v|
          widgetClass.class_eval {
            define_method(k, v)
          }
        end
      end
       =20
      w =3D widgetClass.new(attributes)
      w.name =3D @names[name] || name
      @widgets[w.name] =3D w
     =20
      return w
     =20
    end

    #
    def alert(msg)
      puts msg
    end

    #
    def stop
      puts "stopping...#{@name}"
      exit
    end

    # Useful Class Methods?
   =20
    def GUI.screen_realestate
      # { :height =3D> , :width =3D> , :depth =3D> }
    end
   =20
  end  # GUI
 =20
 =20
  # Widgets
 =20
  # ToDo: add a whole bunch more super widgets :-)
  #       attributes require validation
 =20
  class Widget
    attr_accessor :name
  end
 =20
 =20
  class Window < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :height, :width, :colordepth, :flags
    attr_accessor :caption, :icon, :background, :grid
   =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @height =3D attributes[:height] ? attributes[:height] : 200
      @width =3D attributes[:width] ? attributes[:width] : 200
      @colordepth =3D attributes[:colordepth] ? attributes[:colordepth] : 1=
6
      @flags =3D attributes[:flags] ? attributes[:flags] : 0
      @caption =3D attributes[:caption] ? attributes[:caption] : nil
      @icon =3D attributes[:icon] ? attributes[:icon] : nil
      @background =3D attributes[:background] ? attributes[:background] : n=
il
      @grid =3D attributes[:grid] ? attributes[:grid] : []
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
    def show
      puts "showing window....#{@caption}"
    end
 =20
    def hide
      puts "hiding window...#{@caption}"
    end
   =20
  end  # Window


  class Panel < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :height, :width
    attr_accessor :background, :grid
   =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @height =3D attributes[:height] ? attributes[:height] : 200
      @width =3D attributes[:width] ? attributes[:width] : 200
      @background =3D attributes[:background] ? attributes[:background] : n=
il
      @grid =3D attributes[:grid] ? attributes[:grid] : []
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # Panel


  class Label < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :text
 =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @text =3D attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # Label
 =20

  class TextField < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :text, :value
 =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @text =3D attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
      @value =3D attributes[:value] ? attributes[:value] : nil
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # TextField


  class TextArea < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :text, :value, :cols, :lines
 =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @text =3D attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
      @value =3D attributes[:value] ? attributes[:value] : nil
      @cols =3D attributes[:cols] ? attributes[:cols] : nil
      @lines =3D attributes[:lines] ? attributes[:lines] : nil
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # TextArea


  class Button < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :text
    attr_accessor :event_pressed
 =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @text =3D attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
      # events
      @event_pressed =3D attributes[:event_pressed] ? attributes[:event_pre=
ssed] : nil
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # Button


  class RadioBox < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :value, :items
    attr_accessor :event_change
 =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @value =3D attributes[:value] ? attributes[:value] : nil
      @items =3D attributes[:content] ? attributes[:content] : nil
      # events
      @event_change =3D attributes[:event_change] ? attributes[:event_chang=
e] : nil
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # RadioBox

 =20
  class MenuBar < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :items
   =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @items =3D attributes[:items] ? attributes[:items] : nil
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # MenuBar
 =20
 =20
  class Menu < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :text, :items
   =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @text =3D attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
      @items =3D attributes[:items] ? attributes[:items] : nil
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # Menu


  class MenuItem < Widget
 =20
    attr_accessor :text
    attr_accessor :event_selected
 =20
    def initialize(attributes=3D{})
      @text =3D attributes[:text] ? attributes[:text] : nil
      # events
      @event_selected =3D attributes[:event_selected] ? attributes[:event_s=
elected] : nil
      #
      super()
    end
 =20
  end  # MenuItem

end  # GUtopIa

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=orig-example.rb
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/x-ruby; name=orig-example.rb; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968

# GUtopIa Example - Presentation
# Copyright (c) 2002 Thomas Sawyer, Ruby License

require 'gutopia'

app =3D GUtopIa::GUI.new('My Application')

# here you must refer to widgets with app.widgets['widget's name']
bindings =3D {
  'quit' =3D> {
    :event_selected =3D> Proc.new {
      app.stop
    }
  },
  'about' =3D> {
    :event_selected =3D> Proc.new {=20
      app.widgets['aboutWindow'].show
    }
  },
  'submit' =3D> {=20
    :event_pressed =3D> Proc.new {=20
      app.alert("And the fruit is...#{app.widgets['favoriteFruit'].text}")
      app.widgets['mainWindow'].hide
      app.stop
    }
  },
  'clear' =3D> {=20
    :event_pressed =3D> Proc.new {
      app.widgets['favoriteFruit'].text =3D nil
    }
  },
  'close' =3D> {
    :event_pressed =3D> Proc.new {
      app.widgets['aboutWindow'].hide
    }
  }
}

# here you can refer to widgets with local name
#   or the app.widgets['widget's name']
app.transaction(bindings) {
   =20
  quit =3D app.widgetFactory(:MenuItem, 'quit',
    :text =3D> 'Quit'
  )
  about =3D app.widgetFactory(:MenuItem, 'about',
    :text =3D> 'About'
  )
  file =3D app.widgetFactory(:Menu, 'file',
    :text =3D> 'File',
    :items =3D> [ app.widgets['quit'] ]
  )
  help =3D app.widgetFactory(:Menu, 'help',
    :text =3D> 'Help',
    :items =3D> [ about ]
  )
  menu =3D app.widgetFactory(:MenuBar, 'menu',
    :items =3D> [ file, help ]
  )
  firstName =3D app.widgetFactory(:TextField, 'firstName',
    :label =3D> 'First Name',
    :label_position =3D> :left
  )
  lastName =3D app.widgetFactory(:TextField, 'lastName',
    :label =3D> 'Last Name',
    :label_position =3D> :left
  )
  favoriteFruit =3D app.widgetFactory(:TextArea, 'favoriteFruit',
    :text =3D> 'Banana',
    :cols =3D> 5,
    :lines =3D> 4,
    :readonly =3D> false,
    :label =3D> 'Favorite Fruit',
    :label_position =3D> :top
  )
  submit =3D app.widgetFactory(:Button, 'submit',
    :text =3D> 'Update',
    :image =3D> 'check.png'
  )
  clear =3D app.widgetFactory(:Button, 'clear',
    :text =3D> 'Clear'
  )
  fruit_panel =3D app.widgetFactory(:Panel, 'fruit_panel',
    :grid =3D> [ [ firstName     ],
               [ lastName      ],
               [ favoriteFruit ],
               [ submit        ],
               [ clear         ] ]
  )
  mainWindow =3D app.widgetFactory(:Window, 'mainWindow',
    :caption =3D> 'My Cool Window',
    :icon =3D> 'myIcon.ico',
    :grid =3D> [ [ menu        ],
               [ fruit_panel ] ]
  )
  aboutLbl =3D app.widgetFactory(:Label, 'aboutLbl',=20
    :text =3D> <<-DATA
    This is a very cool application
    that I created using the GUtopIa
    GUI API.
    DATA
  )
  close =3D app.widgetFactory(:Button, 'close',
    :text =3D> 'Close'
  )
  aboutWindow =3D app.widgetFactory(:Window, 'aboutWindow',
    :caption =3D> 'About My Cool App',
    :grid =3D> [ [ aboutLbl ],
               [ close    ] ]
  )
 =20
}
   =20
app.build

puts
puts "select about from menu"
app.widgets['about'].event_selected
puts "click on close"
app.widgets['close'].event_pressed
puts "click on submit"
app.widgets['submit'].event_pressed
puts

--=-TqJqe3LH5O9FHN0zIzFn--