[ruby-core:121792] [Ruby Misc#21299] Proposal: Remove Continuation Feature from Ruby Core

Issue #21299 has been reported by ianks (Ian Ker-Seymer).

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Misc #21299: Proposal: Remove Continuation Feature from Ruby Core
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21299

* Author: ianks (Ian Ker-Seymer)
* Status: Open
* Assignee: ioquatix (Samuel Williams)
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Continuations have been obsolete since Ruby 2.2 but still add complexity to the core codebase. I propose removing all continuation support from Ruby Core.


### Reasons

#### Simplifies fiber code  
- Current fiber code in `cont.c` is complicated by shared logic with continuations
- Removing continuations will simplify stack management, context switching, and reduce edge cases
- Ultimately leading to: cleaner code, easier maintenance, possible performance improvements

#### Low compatibility risk
- Major libraries (e.g., [Metasploit](https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/2413)) stopped using continuation years ago
- Projects needing this functionality have found workarounds (e.g., hyperion_http simulates `callcc`)
- [TruffleRuby does not support continuations](https://github.com/oracle/truffleruby/blob/ac88a0fe68bf957f75af7d316594b89731fdec4e/lib/truffle/continuation.rb#L23), yet maintains high compatibility


### Proposed steps
1. Remove the continuation gem from default gems.
2. Delete all continuation-specific code in `cont.c`.
3. Add a stub gem that raises an exception if continuations are used.
4. Optionally document alternative approaches for users who still need this feature.




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