From: "Mark J. Reed" <markjreed@...>
Date: 2003-12-22T14:31:54+09:00
Subject: Re: FAQ?  raw i/o in Ruby

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Well, I don't know how useful this is, but here's an extension
that wraps the POSIX termios structure.  With it, you can enable
cbreak mode (character-at-a-time input) in a way that mirrors 
C usage:

        require 'termios'
        t = $stdin.getattr
        t.lflag &= ~Termios::ICANON
        $stdin.setattr(0, t)

After which, $stdin.getc will return the next key pressed without waiting
for a newline, at least on a UNIX system.

-Mark

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#include <termios.h>
#include <ruby.h>

VALUE cTermios;

VALUE tio_get_c_iflag(VALUE self)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    return INT2NUM(ctio->c_iflag);
}

VALUE tio_set_c_iflag(VALUE self, VALUE c_iflag)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    ctio->c_iflag = NUM2INT(c_iflag);
    return c_iflag;
}

VALUE tio_get_c_ispeed(VALUE self)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    return INT2NUM(ctio->c_ispeed);
}

VALUE tio_set_c_ispeed(VALUE self, VALUE c_ispeed)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    ctio->c_ispeed = NUM2INT(c_ispeed);
    return c_ispeed;
}

VALUE tio_get_c_oflag(VALUE self)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    return INT2NUM(ctio->c_oflag);
}

VALUE tio_set_c_oflag(VALUE self, VALUE c_oflag)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    ctio->c_oflag = NUM2INT(c_oflag);
    return c_oflag;
}

VALUE tio_get_c_ospeed(VALUE self)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    return INT2NUM(ctio->c_ospeed);
}

VALUE tio_set_c_ospeed(VALUE self, VALUE c_ospeed)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    ctio->c_ospeed = NUM2INT(c_ospeed);
    return c_ospeed;
}

VALUE tio_get_c_lflag(VALUE self)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    return INT2NUM(ctio->c_lflag);
}

VALUE tio_set_c_lflag(VALUE self, VALUE c_lflag)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    ctio->c_lflag = NUM2INT(c_lflag);
    return c_lflag;
}

VALUE tio_get_c_line(VALUE self)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    char c_line[2];
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    c_line[0] = ctio->c_line;
    c_line[1] = '\0';
    return rb_str_new2(c_line);
}

VALUE tio_set_c_line(VALUE self, VALUE c_line)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    ctio->c_line = STR2CSTR(c_line)[0];
    return c_line;
}

VALUE tio_get_c_cc(VALUE self)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    VALUE rcc = rb_array_new2(NCCS);
    int i;
    char ccc[2];

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);
    ccc[1] = '\0';
    for (i=0; i<NCCS; ++i)
    {
        ccc[0] = ctio->c_cc[i];
        rb_ary_store(rcc, i, rb_str_new2(ccc));
    }
        
    return rcc;
}

VALUE tio_set_c_cc(VALUE self, VALUE c_cc)
{
    struct termios *ctio;
    int i;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct termios, ctio);

    for (i=0; i<NCCS; ++i)
    {
        ctio->c_cc[i] = STR2CSTR(rb_ary_entry(c_cc, i))[0];
    }
    
    return c_cc;
}

VALUE rio_tcgetattr(VALUE self)
{
    int fd = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("fileno"), 0));
    struct termios *ctio = ALLOC(struct termios);

    if (0 == tcgetattr(fd, ctio))
    {
        return Data_Wrap_Struct(cTermios, 0, free, ctio);
    }
    else
    {
        FREE(ctio);
        rb_sys_fail("Could not retrieve attributes");
        return Qnil;
    }
}

VALUE rio_tcsetattr(VALUE self, VALUE optact, VALUE rtio)
{
    int fd = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("fileno"), 0));
    struct termios *ctio;
    Data_Get_Struct(rtio, struct termios, ctio);
    if (0 == tcsetattr(fd,  NUM2INT(optact), ctio))
    {
        return Qtrue;
    }
    else
    {
        rb_sys_fail("Could not set attributes");
        return Qnil;
    }
}

void Init_termios()
{
    cTermios = rb_define_class("Termios", rb_cObject);

    /* new IO methods */
    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "getattr", rio_tcgetattr, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cIO, "setattr", rio_tcsetattr, 2);

    /* accessor methods for the structure */
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "iflag", tio_get_c_iflag, 0);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "iflag=", tio_set_c_iflag, 1);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "oflag", tio_get_c_oflag, 0);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "oflag=", tio_set_c_oflag, 1);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "lflag", tio_get_c_lflag, 0);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "lflag=", tio_set_c_lflag, 1);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "line", tio_get_c_line, 0);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "line=", tio_set_c_line, 1);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "cc", tio_get_c_cc, 0);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "cc=", tio_set_c_cc, 1);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "ispeed", tio_get_c_ispeed, 0);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "ispeed=", tio_set_c_ispeed, 1);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "ospeed", tio_get_c_ospeed, 0);
    rb_define_method(cTermios, "ospeed=", tio_set_c_ospeed, 1);

    /* constants */
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "NCCS", INT2NUM(NCCS));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VINTR", INT2NUM(VINTR));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VQUIT", INT2NUM(VQUIT));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VERASE", INT2NUM(VERASE));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VKILL", INT2NUM(VKILL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VEOF", INT2NUM(VEOF));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VTIME", INT2NUM(VTIME));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VMIN", INT2NUM(VMIN));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VSWTC", INT2NUM(VSWTC));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VSTART", INT2NUM(VSTART));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VSTOP", INT2NUM(VSTOP));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VSUSP", INT2NUM(VSUSP));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VEOL", INT2NUM(VEOL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VREPRINT", INT2NUM(VREPRINT));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VDISCARD", INT2NUM(VDISCARD));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VWERASE", INT2NUM(VWERASE));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VLNEXT", INT2NUM(VLNEXT));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VEOL2", INT2NUM(VEOL2));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IGNBRK", INT2NUM(IGNBRK));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "BRKINT", INT2NUM(BRKINT));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IGNPAR", INT2NUM(IGNPAR));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "PARMRK", INT2NUM(PARMRK));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "INPCK", INT2NUM(INPCK));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ISTRIP", INT2NUM(ISTRIP));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "INLCR", INT2NUM(INLCR));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IGNCR", INT2NUM(IGNCR));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ICRNL", INT2NUM(ICRNL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IUCLC", INT2NUM(IUCLC));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IXON", INT2NUM(IXON));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IXANY", INT2NUM(IXANY));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IXOFF", INT2NUM(IXOFF));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IMAXBEL", INT2NUM(IMAXBEL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "OPOST", INT2NUM(OPOST));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "OLCUC", INT2NUM(OLCUC));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ONLCR", INT2NUM(ONLCR));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "OCRNL", INT2NUM(OCRNL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ONOCR", INT2NUM(ONOCR));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ONLRET", INT2NUM(ONLRET));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "OFILL", INT2NUM(OFILL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "OFDEL", INT2NUM(OFDEL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "NLDLY", INT2NUM(NLDLY));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "NL0", INT2NUM(  NL0));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "NL1", INT2NUM(  NL1));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CRDLY", INT2NUM(CRDLY));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CR0", INT2NUM(  CR0));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CR1", INT2NUM(  CR1));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CR2", INT2NUM(  CR2));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CR3", INT2NUM(  CR3));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TABDLY", INT2NUM(TABDLY));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TAB0", INT2NUM(  TAB0));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TAB1", INT2NUM(  TAB1));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TAB2", INT2NUM(  TAB2));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TAB3", INT2NUM(  TAB3));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "BSDLY", INT2NUM(BSDLY));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "BS0", INT2NUM(  BS0));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "BS1", INT2NUM(  BS1));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "FFDLY", INT2NUM(FFDLY));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "FF0", INT2NUM(  FF0));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "FF1", INT2NUM(  FF1));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VTDLY", INT2NUM(VTDLY));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VT0", INT2NUM(  VT0));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "VT1", INT2NUM(  VT1));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "XTABS", INT2NUM(XTABS));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CBAUD", INT2NUM(CBAUD));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B0", INT2NUM( B0));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B50", INT2NUM( B50));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B75", INT2NUM( B75));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B110", INT2NUM( B110));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B134", INT2NUM( B134));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B150", INT2NUM( B150));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B200", INT2NUM( B200));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B300", INT2NUM( B300));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B600", INT2NUM( B600));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B1200", INT2NUM( B1200));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B1800", INT2NUM( B1800));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B2400", INT2NUM( B2400));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B4800", INT2NUM( B4800));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B9600", INT2NUM( B9600));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B19200", INT2NUM( B19200));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B38400", INT2NUM( B38400));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "EXTA", INT2NUM(EXTA));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "EXTB", INT2NUM(EXTB));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CSIZE", INT2NUM(CSIZE));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CS5", INT2NUM(  CS5));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CS6", INT2NUM(  CS6));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CS7", INT2NUM(  CS7));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CS8", INT2NUM(  CS8));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CSTOPB", INT2NUM(CSTOPB));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CREAD", INT2NUM(CREAD));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "PARENB", INT2NUM(PARENB));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "PARODD", INT2NUM(PARODD));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "HUPCL", INT2NUM(HUPCL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CLOCAL", INT2NUM(CLOCAL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CBAUDEX", INT2NUM(CBAUDEX));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B57600", INT2NUM( B57600));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B115200", INT2NUM( B115200));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B230400", INT2NUM( B230400));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B460800", INT2NUM( B460800));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B500000", INT2NUM( B500000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B576000", INT2NUM( B576000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B921600", INT2NUM( B921600));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B1000000", INT2NUM( B1000000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B1152000", INT2NUM( B1152000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B1500000", INT2NUM( B1500000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B2000000", INT2NUM( B2000000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B2500000", INT2NUM( B2500000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B3000000", INT2NUM( B3000000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B3500000", INT2NUM( B3500000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "B4000000", INT2NUM( B4000000));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CIBAUD", INT2NUM(CIBAUD));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "CRTSCTS", INT2NUM(CRTSCTS));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ISIG", INT2NUM(ISIG));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ICANON", INT2NUM(ICANON));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "XCASE", INT2NUM(XCASE));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ECHO", INT2NUM(ECHO));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ECHOE", INT2NUM(ECHOE));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ECHOK", INT2NUM(ECHOK));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ECHONL", INT2NUM(ECHONL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "NOFLSH", INT2NUM(NOFLSH));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TOSTOP", INT2NUM(TOSTOP));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ECHOCTL", INT2NUM(ECHOCTL));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ECHOPRT", INT2NUM(ECHOPRT));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "ECHOKE", INT2NUM(ECHOKE));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "FLUSHO", INT2NUM(FLUSHO));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "PENDIN", INT2NUM(PENDIN));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "IEXTEN", INT2NUM(IEXTEN));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCOOFF", INT2NUM(TCOOFF));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCOON", INT2NUM(TCOON));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCIOFF", INT2NUM(TCIOFF));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCION", INT2NUM(TCION));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCIFLUSH", INT2NUM(TCIFLUSH));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCOFLUSH", INT2NUM(TCOFLUSH));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCIOFLUSH", INT2NUM(TCIOFLUSH));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCSANOW", INT2NUM(TCSANOW));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCSADRAIN", INT2NUM(TCSADRAIN));
    rb_define_const(cTermios, "TCSAFLUSH", INT2NUM(TCSAFLUSH));
}

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Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="extconf.rb"

require 'mkmf'
create_makefile('termios')

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