From: Josef 'Jupp' SCHUGT Date: 2003-12-18T09:30:04+09:00 Subject: Re: 42.type and TypeError or 42.class and ClassError Hi! * Ara.T.Howard; 2003-12-17, 19:21 UTC: > why has #type been deprecated? That can be answered by quoting Gamma, Helm, Johnson Vilissides, 'Design Patterns - Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software', page 16 (bottom): It's important to understand the difference between an object's /class/ and its /type/. An object's class defines how the object is implemented. The class defines the object's internal state and the implementation of its operations. In contrast, an object's type only refers to its interface---the set of requests to which it can respond. An object can have many types, and objects of different classes can have the same type. I strongly recommend that book - it is great. It is worth its price of 54.99 USD. Josef 'Jupp' SCHUGT -- http://oss.erdfunkstelle.de/ruby/ - German comp.lang.ruby-FAQ http://rubyforge.org/users/jupp/ - Ruby projects at Rubyforge ._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._. Windows are best when they are "unseen" -- Chet Noll 27 Oct 2000