From: "ara.t.howard" <ara.t.howard@...>
Date: 2008-12-02T08:57:54+09:00
Subject: Re: Adventures in Optimization... or why CONST frozen is Good


On Dec 1, 2008, at 4:53 PM, John Carter wrote:

> ...or when a language design level optimization is a pessimization.
>
> Ruby allows destructive string operations. String instance methods
> with a "Bang!" at the end.
>
> Consider this code.
>
> a = ['froot']
> b=a.first
> c = {"d"=>b}
>
> Now a[0], b, c["d"] refer to _exactly_ the same string instance
>
>> a[0].object_id
> => -605300798
>> b.object_id
> => -605300798
>> c["d"].object_id
> => -605300798
>
> So if I do a destructive operation on any of them, all are clobbered.
>
> a.last.sub!(/oo/,"ui")
> => "fruit"
> irb(main):009:0> b
> => "fruit"
> irb(main):010:0> c
> => {"d"=>"fruit"}
>
> Traditionally destructive ops have been allowed in languages such as
> Lisp etc. as an optimization. You don't have to "new" a new object
> instance if you don't want to.
>
> The other day I was optimizing my code, when I decided to hunt
> unnecessary object allocation.
>
> I used my MemoryProfiler snippet to find that String's were by far the
> most common object I was generating.
>
> http://rubyforge.org/snippet/detail.php?type=snippet&id=70
>
> So I extended that to find _which_ was the most common string I was
> generating.
>
>   def MemoryProfile::string_duplicates
>      Dir.chdir "/tmp"
>      ObjectSpace::garbage_collect
>      sleep 10 # Give the GC thread a chance
>
>      tally = Hash.new(0)
>      ObjectSpace.each_object do |obj|
>         next if obj.class != String
>         tally[obj]+=1
>      end
>
>      open( LOG_FILE, 'a') do |outf|
>         outf.puts '='*70
>         outf.puts "
> String Duplicates report for #{$0}
>
>
> "
>         tally.keys.find_all{|s| tally[s] > 1}.sort_by{|s|  
> tally[s]}.each do |s|
>            outf.puts "#{s}\t#{tally[s]}"
>         end
>      end
>   end
>
>
> The answer, by a long shot, was "U".
>
> Somewhere in my code I had the line
>  symbols_needed[symbol_name] = 'U'
>
> I could replace that with the symbol :U, but other places that had
> Good Reasons of using strings would break.
>
> Now I have a class CONSTANT...
>  UNDEFINED = 'U'.freeze
>
> and
>  symbols_needed[symbol_name] = UNDEFINED
>
> Of course, if anywhere I apply a destructive op to one of those
> thousands of references, my code will die.
>
> Bit at least the "freeze" will cause a loud and messy death, not a
> subtle and hidden bug.
>
> So as I said at the start, the optimization to allow the occasional
> destructive op to a string... can be a pessimization in every case  
> where
> you assign a string literal.
>
> a= "froot"
> => "froot"
> irb(main):002:0> a.object_id
> => -605331808
> irb(main):003:0> a= "froot"
> => "froot"
> irb(main):004:0> a.object_id
> => -605352198
>
>
> John Carter                             Phone : (64)(3) 358 6639
> Tait Electronics                        Fax   : (64)(3) 359 4632
> PO Box 1645 Christchurch                Email : john.carter@tait.co.nz
> New Zealand
>
>

thanks john.   interesting.

a @ http://codeforpeople.com/
--
we can deny everything, except that we have the possibility of being  
better. simply reflect on that.
h.h. the 14th dalai lama