From: vmakarov@... Date: 2016-03-06T14:28:26+00:00 Subject: [ruby-core:74181] [Ruby trunk Feature#12142] Hash tables with open addressing Issue #12142 has been updated by Vladimir Makarov. Yura Sokolov wrote: > 7 minutes for filling 100_000_000 table (Int=>Int). > Pretending time grows lineary, 140 minutes for filling 2_000_000_000 table. > And useful work is at least twice time more: +280=420 minutes. > > 7 hours to test prototype? And it is just Int=>Int! With strings it will be several times more. > > At this level people switches to Go, Closure or something else. Yura, after reading your last two emails my first impulse was to answer them. But doing this I've realized that I need to repeat my arguments third or second time, do some experiments trying to figure out why the test for big parameters is slow on Ruby, thinking how it can be fixed in MRI or on language level. This discussion became unproductive for me and wasting my time. The direction of the discussion is just again confirming to me that I should have not participated in this discussion. I did not change my opinion, you did not change yours. As I wrote it is not up to me to decide what size of index and hash (32-bit or 64-bit on 64-bit machines) we should use. I don't know how such decisions are made in Ruby/MRI community. If the community decides to use 32-bit indexes and hashes, I am ready to change my code. You just need to convince now the decision makers to do such change. As for me I am stopping to discuss these issues. I am sorry for doing this. ---------------------------------------- Feature #12142: Hash tables with open addressing https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12142#change-57323 * Author: Vladimir Makarov * Status: Open * Priority: Normal * Assignee: ---------------------------------------- ~~~ Hello, the following patch contains a new implementation of hash tables (major files st.c and include/ruby/st.h). Modern processors have several levels of cache. Usually,the CPU reads one or a few lines of the cache from memory (or another level of cache). So CPU is much faster at reading data stored close to each other. The current implementation of Ruby hash tables does not fit well to modern processor cache organization, which requires better data locality for faster program speed. The new hash table implementation achieves a better data locality mainly by o switching to open addressing hash tables for access by keys. Removing hash collision lists lets us avoid *pointer chasing*, a common problem that produces bad data locality. I see a tendency to move from chaining hash tables to open addressing hash tables due to their better fit to modern CPU memory organizations. CPython recently made such switch (https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/ff1938d12240/Objects/dictobject.c). PHP did this a bit earlier https://nikic.github.io/2014/12/22/PHPs-new-hashtable-implementation.html. GCC has widely-used such hash tables (https://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/trunk/libiberty/hashtab.c) internally for more than 15 years. o removing doubly linked lists and putting the elements into an array for accessing to elements by their inclusion order. That also removes pointer chaising on the doubly linked lists used for traversing elements by their inclusion order. A more detailed description of the proposed implementation can be found in the top comment of the file st.c. The new implementation was benchmarked on 21 MRI hash table benchmarks for two most widely used targets x86-64 (Intel 4.2GHz i7-4790K) and ARM (Exynos 5410 - 1.6GHz Cortex-A15): make benchmark-each ITEM=bm_hash OPTS='-r 3 -v' COMPARE_RUBY='' Here the results for x86-64: hash_aref_dsym 1.094 hash_aref_dsym_long 1.383 hash_aref_fix 1.048 hash_aref_flo 1.860 hash_aref_miss 1.107 hash_aref_str 1.107 hash_aref_sym 1.191 hash_aref_sym_long 1.113 hash_flatten 1.258 hash_ident_flo 1.627 hash_ident_num 1.045 hash_ident_obj 1.143 hash_ident_str 1.127 hash_ident_sym 1.152 hash_keys 2.714 hash_shift 2.209 hash_shift_u16 1.442 hash_shift_u24 1.413 hash_shift_u32 1.396 hash_to_proc 2.831 hash_values 2.701 The average performance improvement is more 50%. ARM results are analogous -- no any benchmark performance degradation and about the same average improvement. The patch can be seen as https://github.com/vnmakarov/ruby/compare/trunk...hash_tables_with_open_addressing.patch or in a less convenient way as pull request changes https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1264/files This is my first patch for MRI and may be my proposal and implementation have pitfalls. But I am keen to learn and work on inclusion of this code into MRI. ~~~ -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/ Unsubscribe: