[ruby-core:101700] Re: Ruby 3.0.0 Released

Oh, I have assumed that publishing of docs is a part of the release
process...
BTW, the published docs have some problems, see for example
https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/3.0.0/Kernel.html#method-i-abort and
https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/3.0.0/Kernel.html#method-i-exit.
Was discussed here with @nobu before the release:
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17422#note-3

V.

пт, 25 дек. 2020 г. в 13:34, NARUSE, Yui <[e-mail]>:

> Added 3.0.0 to docs: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/3.0.0/
> For next time, you can create a PR referring
>
> https://github.com/ruby/docs.ruby-lang.org/commit/360bff5327c527270a9ef228cea25f1bf68ed541
>
> 2020年12月25日(金) 18:58 Victor Shepelev <[e-mail]>:
> >
> > Congratulations!
> > Awesome release.
> >
> > When would the new version appear at https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/?
> >
> > V.
> >
> > пт, 25 груд. 2020, 09:09 користувач NARUSE, Yui <[e-mail]>
> пише:
> >>
> >> We are pleased to announce the release of Ruby 3.0.0. From 2015 we
> >> developed hard toward Ruby 3, whose goal is performance, concurrency,
> >> and Typing. Especially about performance, Matz stated "Ruby3 will be 3
> >> times faster than Ruby2" a.k.a. [Ruby
> >> 3x3](https://blog.heroku.com/ruby-3-by-3).
> >>
> >>
> >> <img src='https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/media/ruby3x3.png'
> >> alt='Optcarrot 3000 frames' width='100%' />
> >>
> >> With [Optcarrot benchmark](https://github.com/mame/optcarrot), which
> >> measures single thread performance based on NES's game emulation
> >> workload, it achieved 3x faster performance than Ruby 2.0!
> >> <details>These were measured at the environment written in
> >> https://benchmark-driver.github.io/hardware.html.
> >> [8c510e4095](http://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/8c510e4095) was used
> >> as Ruby 3.0. It may not be 3x faster depending on your environment or
> >> benchmark.</details>
> >>
> >> Ruby 3.0.0 covers those goals by
> >> * Performance
> >>   * MJIT
> >> * Concurrency
> >>   * Ractor
> >>   * Fiber Scheduler
> >> * Typing (Static Analysis)
> >>   * RBS
> >>   * TypeProf
> >>
> >> With above performance improvement Ruby 3.0 introduces a number of new
> >> features described below.
> >>
> >> ## Performance
> >>
> >> > When I first declared "Ruby3x3" in the conference keynote, many
> including members of the core team felt "Matz is a boaster". In fact, I
> felt so too. But we did. I am honored to see the core team actually
> accomplished to make Ruby3.0 three times faster than Ruby2.0 (in some
> benchmarks). -- Matz
> >>
> >> ### MJIT
> >>
> >> Many improvements were implemented in MJIT. See NEWS for details.
> >>
> >> As of Ruby 3.0, JIT is supposed to give performance improvements in
> >> limited workloads, such as games
> >> ([Optcarrot](
> https://benchmark-driver.github.io/benchmarks/optcarrot/commits.html#chart-1)
> ),
> >> AI ([Rubykon](
> https://benchmark-driver.github.io/benchmarks/rubykon/commits.html)),
> >> or whatever application that spends majority of time in calling a few
> >> methods many times.
> >>
> >> Although Ruby 3.0 [significantly decreased a size of JIT-ed
> >> code](https://twitter.com/k0kubun/status/1256142302608650244), it is
> >> still not ready for optimizing workloads like Rails, which often spend
> >> time on so many methods and therefore suffer from i-cache misses
> >> exacerbated by JIT. Stay tuned for Ruby 3.1 for further improvements
> >> on this issue.
> >>
> >> ## Concurrency / Parallel
> >>
> >> > It's multi-core age today. Concurrency is very important. With
> Ractor, along with Async Fiber, Ruby will be a real concurrent language.
> --- Matz
> >>
> >> ### Ractor (experimental)
> >> Ractor is an Actor-model like concurrent abstraction designed to
> >> provide a parallel execution feature without thread-safety concerns.
> >>
> >> You can make multiple ractors and you can run them in parallel. Ractor
> >> enables you to make thread-safe parallel programs because ractors can
> >> not share normal objects. Communication between ractors are supported
> >> by exchaning messages.
> >>
> >> To limit sharing of objects, Ractor introduces several restrictions to
> >> the Ruby's syntax (without multiple Ractors, there is no restriction).
> >>
> >> The specification and implementation are not matured and may be
> >> changed in the future, so this feature is marked as experimental and
> >> show the "experimental feature" warning when the first `Ractor.new`.
> >>
> >> The following small program measures the execution time of famous
> >> benchmark tak function ([Tak (function) -
> >> Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak_(function))), by
> >> executing it 4 times sequentially or 4 times in parallel with ractors.
> >>
> >> ``` ruby
> >> def tarai(x, y, z) =
> >>   x <= y ? y : tarai(tarai(x-1, y, z),
> >>                      tarai(y-1, z, x),
> >>                      tarai(z-1, x, y))
> >> require 'benchmark'
> >> Benchmark.bm do |x|
> >>   # sequential version
> >>   x.report('seq'){ 4.times{ tarai(14, 7, 0) } }
> >>
> >>   # parallel version
> >>   x.report('par'){
> >>     4.times.map do
> >>       Ractor.new { tarai(14, 7, 0) }
> >>     end.each(&:take)
> >>   }
> >> end
> >> ```
> >>
> >> ```
> >> Benchmark result:
> >>           user     system      total        real
> >> seq  64.560736   0.001101  64.561837 ( 64.562194)
> >> par  66.422010   0.015999  66.438009 ( 16.685797)
> >> ```
> >>
> >> The result was measured on Ubuntu 20.04, Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700 (4
> >> cores, 8 hardware threads). It shows that the parallel version is 3.87
> >> times faster than the sequential version.
> >>
> >>
> >> See [doc/ractor.md](
> https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/ractor.md)
> >> for more details.
> >>
> >> ### Fiber Scheduler
> >>
> >> `Fiber#scheduler` is introduced for intercepting blocking operations.
> >> This allows for light-weight concurrency without changing existing
> >> code. Watch ["Don't Wait For Me, Scalable Concurrency for Ruby
> >> 3"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y29SSOS4UOc) for an overview of
> >> how it works.
> >>
> >> Currently supported classes/methods:
> >>
> >> - `Mutex#lock`, `Mutex#unlock`, `Mutex#sleep`
> >> - `ConditionVariable#wait`
> >> - `Queue#pop`, `SizedQueue#push`
> >> - `Thread#join`
> >> - `Kernel#sleep`
> >> - `Process.wait`
> >> - `IO#wait`, `IO#read`, `IO#write` and related methods (e.g.
> >> `#wait_readable`, `#gets`, `#puts` and so on).
> >> - `IO#select` is *not supported*.
> >>
> >> This example program will perform several HTTP requests concurrently:
> >>
> >> ``` ruby
> >> require 'async'
> >> require 'net/http'
> >> require 'uri'
> >>
> >> Async do
> >>   ["ruby", "rails", "async"].each do |topic|
> >>     Async do
> >>       Net::HTTP.get(URI "https://www.google.com/search?q=#{topic}")
> >>     end
> >>   end
> >> end
> >> ```
> >>
> >> It uses [async](https://github.com/socketry/async) which provides the
> >> event loop. This event loop uses the `Fiber#scheduler` hooks to make
> >> `Net::HTTP` non-blocking. Other gems can use this interface to provide
> >> non-blocking execution for Ruby, and those gems can be compatible with
> >> other implementations of Ruby (e.g. JRuby, TruffleRuby) which can
> >> support the same non-blocking hooks.
> >>
> >> ## Static Analysis
> >>
> >> > 2010s were an age of statically type programming languages. Ruby
> seeks the future with static type checking, without type declaration, using
> abstract interpretation. RBS & TypeProf are the first step to the future.
> More steps to come. --- Matz
> >>
> >> ### RBS
> >>
> >> RBS is a language to describe the types of Ruby programs.
> >>
> >> Type checkers including TypeProf and other tools supporting RBS will
> >> understand Ruby programs much better with RBS definitions.
> >>
> >> You can write down the definition of classes and modules: methods
> >> defined in the class, instance variables and their types, and
> >> inheritance/mix-in relations.
> >>
> >> The goal of RBS is to support commonly seen patterns in Ruby programs
> >> and it allows writing advanced types including union types, method
> >> overloading, and generics. It also supports duck typing with
> >> _interface types_.
> >>
> >> Ruby 3.0 ships with `rbs` gem, which allows parsing and processing
> >> type definitions written in RBS.
> >> The following is a small example of RBS with class, module, and
> >> constant definitions.
> >>
> >> ``` rbs
> >> module ChatApp
> >>   VERSION: String
> >>   class Channel
> >>     attr_reader name: String
> >>     attr_reader messages: Array[Message]
> >>     attr_reader users: Array[User | Bot]              # `|` means
> >> union types, `User` or `Bot`.
> >>     def initialize: (String) -> void
> >>     def post: (String, from: User | Bot) -> Message   # Method
> >> overloading is supported.
> >>             | (File, from: User | Bot) -> Message
> >>   end
> >> end
> >> ```
> >>
> >> See [README of rbs gem](https://github.com/ruby/rbs) for more detail.
> >>
> >> ### TypeProf
> >>
> >> TypeProf is a type analysis tool bundled in the Ruby package.
> >>
> >> Currently, TypeProf serves as a kind of type inference.
> >>
> >> It reads plain (non-type-annotated) Ruby code, analyzes what methods
> >> are defined and how they are used, and generates a prototype of type
> >> signature in RBS format.
> >>
> >> Here is a simple demo of TypeProf.
> >>
> >> An example input:
> >>
> >> ``` ruby
> >> # test.rb
> >> class User
> >>   def initialize(name:, age:)
> >>     @name, @age = name, age
> >>   end
> >>   attr_reader :name, :age
> >> end
> >> User.new(name: "John", age: 20)
> >> ```
> >>
> >> An example output:
> >>
> >> ```
> >> $ typeprof test.rb
> >> # Classes
> >> class User
> >>   attr_reader name : String
> >>   attr_reader age : Integer
> >>   def initialize : (name: String, age: Integer) -> [String, Integer]
> >> end
> >> ```
> >>
> >> You can run TypeProf by saving the input as "test.rb" and invoke a
> >> command called "typeprof test.rb".
> >>
> >> You can also [try TypeProf
> >> online](
> https://mame.github.io/typeprof-playground/#rb=%23+test.rb%0Aclass+User%0A++def+initialize%28name%3A%2C+age%3A%29%0A++++%40name%2C+%40age+%3D+name%2C+age%0A++end%0A++%0A++attr_reader+%3Aname%2C+%3Aage%0Aend%0A%0AUser.new%28name%3A+%22John%22%2C+age%3A+20%29&rbs=
> ).
> >> (It runs TypeProf on the server side, so sorry if it is out!)
> >>
> >> See [the documentation](
> https://github.com/ruby/typeprof/blob/master/doc/doc.md)
> >> and [demos](https://github.com/ruby/typeprof/blob/master/doc/demo.md)
> >> for details.
> >>
> >> TypeProf is experimental and not so mature yet; only a subset of the
> >> Ruby language is supported, and the detection of type errors is
> >> limited. But it is still growing rapidly to improve the coverage of
> >> language features, the analysis performance, and usability. Any
> >> feedback is very welcome.
> >>
> >> ## Other Notable New Features
> >>
> >> * One-line pattern matching is redesigned.  (experimental)
> >>
> >>     * `=>` is added. It can be used as like rightward assignment.
> >>
> >>       ```ruby
> >>       0 => a
> >>       p a #=> 0
> >>
> >>       {b: 0, c: 1} => {b:}
> >>       p b #=> 0
> >>       ```
> >>     * `in` is changed to return `true` or `false`.
> >>
> >>       ```ruby
> >>       # version 3.0
> >>       0 in 1 #=> false
> >>
> >>       # version 2.7
> >>       0 in 1 #=> raise NoMatchingPatternError
> >>       ```
> >>
> >> * Find pattern is added. (experimental)
> >>
> >>   ``` ruby
> >>   case ["a", 1, "b", "c", 2, "d", "e", "f", 3]
> >>   in [*pre, String => x, String => y, *post]
> >>     p pre  #=> ["a", 1]
> >>     p x    #=> "b"
> >>     p y    #=> "c"
> >>     p post #=> [2, "d", "e", "f", 3]
> >>   end
> >>   ```
> >>
> >> * Endless method definition is added.
> >>
> >>   ``` ruby
> >>   def square(x) = x * x
> >>   ```
> >>
> >> * `Hash#except` is now built-in.
> >>
> >>   ``` ruby
> >>   h = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }
> >>   p h.except(:a) #=> {:b=>2, :c=>3}
> >>   ```
> >>
> >> * Memory view is added as an experimental feature
> >>
> >>     * This is a new C-API set to exchange a raw memory area, such as a
> >> numeric array and a bitmap image, between extension libraries.  The
> >> extension libraries can share also the metadata of the memory area
> >> that consists of the shape, the element format, and so on.  Using
> >> these kinds of metadata, the extension libraries can share even a
> >> multidimensional array appropriately.  This feature is designed by
> >> referring to Python's buffer protocol.
> >>
> >> ## Performance improvements
> >>
> >> * Pasting long code to IRB is 53 times faster than bundled with Ruby
> >> 2.7.0. For example, the time required to paste [this sample
> >> code](https://gist.github.com/aycabta/30ab96334275bced5796f118c9220b0b)
> >> goes from 11.7 seconds to 0.22 seconds.
> >>
> >>
> >> <video autoplay="autoplay" controls="controls" muted="muted"
> >> width="764" height="510"
> >> poster="
> https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/media/ruby-3.0-irb-highspeed.png">
> >>   <source src="
> https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/media/ruby-3.0-irb-highspeed.mp4"
> >> type="video/mp4">
> >> </video>
> >>
> >>
> >> * The `measure` command has been added to IRB. It allows simple
> >> execution time measurement.
> >>
> >>   ```
> >>   irb(main):001:0> 3
> >>   => 3
> >>   irb(main):002:0> measure
> >>   TIME is added.
> >>   => nil
> >>   irb(main):003:0> 3
> >>   processing time: 0.000058s
> >>   => 3
> >>   irb(main):004:0> measure :off
> >>   => nil
> >>   irb(main):005:0> 3
> >>   => 3
> >>   ```
> >>
> >> ## Other notable changes since 2.7
> >>
> >> * Keyword arguments are separated from other arguments.
> >>   * In principle, code that prints a warning on Ruby 2.7 won't work.
> >> See the [document](
> https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2019/12/12/separation-of-positional-and-keyword-arguments-in-ruby-3-0/
> )
> >> in detail.
> >>   * By the way, arguments forwarding now supports leading arguments.
> >>
> >>     ``` ruby
> >>     def method_missing(meth, ...)
> >>       send(:"do_#{ meth }", ...)
> >>     end
> >>     ```
> >>
> >> * Pattern matching (`case/in`) is no longer experimental.
> >> * The `$SAFE` feature was completely removed; now it is a normal
> >> global variable.
> >> * The order of backtrace had been reversed at Ruby 2.5, and is
> >> reverted.  Now it behaves like Ruby 2.4; an error message and the line
> >> number where the exception occurs are printed first, and its callers
> >> are printed later.
> >> * Some standard libraries are updated.
> >>   * RubyGems 3.2.3
> >>   * Bundler 2.2.3
> >>   * IRB 1.2.6
> >>   * Reline 0.1.5
> >>   * Pysch 3.3.0
> >>   * JSON 2.5.0
> >>   * BigDecimal 3.0.0
> >>   * CSV 3.1.9
> >>   * Date 3.1.1
> >>   * Digest 3.0.0
> >>   * Fiddle 1.0.5
> >>   * StringIO 3.0.0
> >>   * StringScanner 3.0.0
> >>   * etc.
> >> * The following libraries are no longer bundled gems or standard
> libraries.
> >>   Install the corresponding gems to use these features.
> >>   * sdbm
> >>   * webrick
> >>   * net-telnet
> >>   * xmlrpc
> >> * The following default gems are now bundled gems.
> >>   * rexml
> >>   * rss
> >> * The following stdlib files are now default gems and are published on
> >> rubygems.org.
> >>   * English
> >>   * abbrev
> >>   * base64
> >>   * drb
> >>   * debug
> >>   * erb
> >>   * find
> >>   * net-ftp
> >>   * net-http
> >>   * net-imap
> >>   * net-protocol
> >>   * open-uri
> >>   * optparse
> >>   * pp
> >>   * prettyprint
> >>   * resolv-replace
> >>   * resolv
> >>   * rinda
> >>   * set
> >>   * securerandom
> >>   * shellwords
> >>   * tempfile
> >>   * tmpdir
> >>   * time
> >>   * tsort
> >>   * un
> >>   * weakref
> >>   * digest
> >>   * io-nonblock
> >>   * io-wait
> >>   * nkf
> >>   * pathname
> >>   * syslog
> >>   * win32ole
> >>
> >> See [NEWS](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v3_0_0/NEWS.md)
> >> or [commit logs](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v2_7_0...v3_0_0)
> >> for more details.
> >>
> >> With those changes, [4028 files changed, 200058 insertions(+), 154063
> >> deletions(-)](
> https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v2_7_0...v3_0_0#file_bucket)
> >> since Ruby 2.7.0!
> >>
> >> > Ruby3.0 is a milestone. The language is evolved, keeping
> compatibility. But it's not the end. Ruby will keep progressing, and become
> even greater. Stay tuned! --- Matz
> >>
> >> Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays, and enjoy programming with Ruby 3.0!
> >>
> >> ## Download
> >>
> >> * <https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.0/ruby-3.0.0.tar.gz>
> >>
> >>       SIZE: 19539509
> >>       SHA1: 233873708c1ce9fdc295e0ef1c25e64f9b98b062
> >>       SHA256:
> a13ed141a1c18eb967aac1e33f4d6ad5f21be1ac543c344e0d6feeee54af8e28
> >>       SHA512:
> e62f4f63dc12cff424e8a09adc06477e1fa1ee2a9b2b6e28ca22fd52a211e8b8891c0045d47935014a83f2df2d6fc7c8a4fd87f01e63c585afc5ef753e1dd1c1
> >>
> >> * <https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.0/ruby-3.0.0.tar.xz>
> >>
> >>       SIZE: 14374176
> >>       SHA1: c142899d70a1326c5a71311b17168f98c15e5d89
> >>       SHA256:
> 68bfaeef027b6ccd0032504a68ae69721a70e97d921ff328c0c8836c798f6cb1
> >>       SHA512:
> 2a23c2894e62e24bb20cec6b2a016b66d7df05083668726b6f70af8338211cfec417aa3624290d1f5ccd130f65ee7b52b5db7d428abc4a9460459c9a5dd1a450
> >>
> >> * <https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.0/ruby-3.0.0.zip>
> >>
> >>       SIZE: 23862057
> >>       SHA1: 2a9629102d71c7fe7f31a8c91f64e570a40d093c
> >>       SHA256:
> a5e4fa7dc5434a7259e9a29527eeea2c99eeb5e82708f66bb07731233bc860f4
> >>       SHA512:
> e5bf742309d79f05ec1bd1861106f4b103e4819ca2b92a826423ff451465b49573a917cb893d43a98852435966323e2820a4b9f9377f36cf771b8c658f80fa5b
> >>
> >> ## What is Ruby
> >>
> >> Ruby was first developed by Matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) in 1993,
> >> and is now developed as Open Source. It runs on multiple platforms
> >> and is used all over the world especially for web development.
> >>
> >> Unsubscribe: <mailto:[e-mail]
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> >
> >
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