[ruby-core:81082] [Ruby trunk Bug#13553] Improve performance in where push the element into non shared Array object

Issue #13553 has been reported by watson1978 (Shizuo Fujita).

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Bug #13553: Improve performance in where push the element into non shared Array object
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13553

* Author: watson1978 (Shizuo Fujita)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: 
* Target version: 
* ruby -v: 
* Backport: 2.2: UNKNOWN, 2.3: UNKNOWN, 2.4: UNKNOWN
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rb_ary_modify() has the codes for shared Array object.
In here, it has condition branch for shared / non shared Array object and
it can use rb_ary_modify_check() which is smaller function than rb_ary_modify()
for non shared object.

rb_ary_modify_check() will be expand as inline function.
If it will compile with GCC, Array#<< will be faster around 8%.

## Clang 802.0.42
### Before
~~~
Calculating -------------------------------------
            Array#<<      9.353M (賊 1.7%) i/s -     46.787M in   5.004123s
          Array#push      7.702M (賊 1.1%) i/s -     38.577M in   5.009338s
     Array#values_at      6.133M (賊 1.9%) i/s -     30.699M in   5.007772s
~~~

### After
~~~
Calculating -------------------------------------
            Array#<<      9.458M (賊 2.0%) i/s -     47.357M in   5.009069s
          Array#push      7.921M (賊 1.8%) i/s -     39.665M in   5.009151s
     Array#values_at      6.377M (賊 2.3%) i/s -     31.881M in   5.001888s
~~~

### Result
~~~
Array#<<        -> 1.2% faster
Array#push      -> 2.8% faster
Array#values_at -> 3.9% faster
~~~

## GCC 7.1.0
### Before
~~~
Calculating -------------------------------------
            Array#<<     10.497M (賊 1.1%) i/s -     52.665M in   5.017601s
          Array#push      8.527M (賊 1.6%) i/s -     42.777M in   5.018003s
     Array#values_at      7.621M (賊 1.7%) i/s -     38.152M in   5.007910s
~~~

### After
~~~
Calculating -------------------------------------
            Array#<<     11.403M (賊 1.3%) i/s -     57.028M in   5.001849s
          Array#push      8.924M (賊 1.3%) i/s -     44.609M in   4.999940s
     Array#values_at      8.291M (賊 1.4%) i/s -     41.487M in   5.004727s
~~~

### Result
~~~
Array#<<        -> 8.3% faster
Array#push      -> 4.3% faster
Array#values_at -> 8.7% faster
~~~

## Test code
~~~
require 'benchmark/ips'

Benchmark.ips do |x|

  x.report "Array#<<" do |i|
    i.times { [1,2] << 3 }
  end

  x.report "Array#push" do |i|
    i.times { [1,2].push(3) }
  end

  x.report "Array#values_at" do |i|
    ary = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    i.times { ary.values_at(0, 2, 4) }
  end

end
~~~

## Patch
https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/1609




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