[ruby-core:107168] [Ruby master Bug#18495] `LC_ALL=C.UTF-8` sets `Encoding.default_external` to `Encoding::US_ASCII`

Issue #18495 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze).


This sounds like a bug of the operating system.

On Fedora 33:
```
$ env LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="C.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="C.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="C.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="C.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="C.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="C.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="C.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
$ env LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 locale charmap
UTF-8
```

On `debian:buster-slim` in Docker (podman actually):
```
# env LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 locale
LANG=
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="C.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="C.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="C.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="C.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="C.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="C.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="C.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
# env LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 locale charmap
UTF-8
```

On Ubuntu 20.04:
```
# env LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 locale
LANG=
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="C.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="C.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="C.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="C.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="C.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="C.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="C.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
# env LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 locale charmap
UTF-8
```

Which seems much more sensible.

Maybe the C.UTF-8 "locale" is not generated on the system you tested?

BTW I noticed C.UTF-8 is available in Debian & Ubuntu in Docker, but `en_US.UTF-8` is not by default, it warns with:
```
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
```

FWIW TruffleRuby has some docs on how to properly set a `en_US.UTF-8` locale on various OS: https://github.com/oracle/truffleruby/blob/master/doc/user/utf8-locale.md (seems one of the most frequent issues when using Docker)

----------------------------------------
Bug #18495: `LC_ALL=C.UTF-8` sets `Encoding.default_external` to `Encoding::US_ASCII`
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18495#change-96028

* Author: byroot (Jean Boussier)
* Status: Closed
* Priority: Normal
* ruby -v: ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x86_64-darwin21]
* Backport: 2.6: UNKNOWN, 2.7: UNKNOWN, 3.0: UNKNOWN, 3.1: UNKNOWN
----------------------------------------
Original bug report on Bootsnap: https://github.com/Shopify/bootsnap/issues/395#issuecomment-1014421271

```bash
$ env LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 ruby -e 'p Encoding.default_external'
#<Encoding:UTF-8>
$ env LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 ruby -e 'p Encoding.default_external'
#<Encoding:US-ASCII>
```

I'm not particularly familiar with `LC_ALL`, but from what I gathered online, `C.UTF-8` is supposed to mean "no internationalization, but UTF-8 support".




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