[ruby-core:100545] [Ruby master Feature#17285] Less strict `Ractor.select`

Issue #17285 has been updated by ko1 (Koichi Sasada).


For (0), I'm thinking to introduce `Ractor::Selector` (or similar) to manage the ractors.

```
sel = Rcator::Selector.new
sel.receive(r1) do |msg| ... end
sel.receive(r2) do |msg| ... end
sel.wait # Ractor.select(r1, r2)
```

and we can specify what happens when r1 or r2 are closed. maybe remove closed ractor on default? need more consideration.

This interface can be implemented with current Ractor.select so we can try it on ractor gem, for future trial, I guess.
(Ractor.select has performance issue, so I think Ractor::Selector should be introduced in core, but we can discuss the API in ractor gem for ruby 3.0)


----

> 1) It is not convenient to share a pool between different ractors. Try writing code that starts 5 ractors that would consume the results from pool above.

I didn't consider about this case. is it needed?

> 2) It might require special synchronization if the ractors may yield a variable number of values:

I'm thinking to catch the Closed exception, and `Ractor::Selector` can hide it. Is it enough or not enough?

> Are there use-cases where Ractor.select raising an error if it encounters a closed queue is helpful?

If you want to recover (restart) the worker ractors, it will help.



----------------------------------------
Feature #17285: Less strict `Ractor.select`
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17285#change-88172

* Author: marcandre (Marc-Andre Lafortune)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
----------------------------------------
Summary: could we have a way for `Ractor.select` to skip ractors with closed queues and raise only if no ractor with an open queue remains?

Detail:

I [backported `Ractor` for earlier Ruby versions](https://github.com/marcandre/backports/pull/153), as I'd like to use it in some gems that would work great in 3.0 and work ok in older Rubies without rewriting. That was a lot of fun :-)

One surprise for me was that `Ractor.select` enforces that no given ractor is terminated(*).

This means that one must remove terminated ractors from a pool of ractors before calling `select` again:

```ruby
pool = 20.times.map { Ractor.new{ do_processing } }

20.times do
  ractor, result = Ractor.select(*pool)
  handle(result)
  pool.delete(ractor) # necessary!
end
```

0) This can be tedious, but I know I'm very lazy

1) It is not convenient to share a pool between different ractors. Try writing code that starts 5 ractors that would consume the results from `pool` above.

2) It might require special synchronization if the ractors may yield a variable number of values:

```ruby
def do_processing
  rand(10).times do {
    Ractor.yield :a_result
  }
  :finish
end

pool = 20.times.map { Ractor.new{ do_processing } }

until pool.empty? do
  ractor, result = Ractor.select(*pool)
  if result == :finish
    pool.delete(ractor)
  else
    do_something_with(result)
  end
end
```

I would like to propose that it would be allowed (by default or at least via keyword parameter) to call `select` on terminated ractors, as long as there is at least one remaining open one.

This would make it very to resolve 1 and 2 above. Here's an example combine them both together:

```ruby
def do_processing
  rand(10).times do {
    Ractor.yield :a_result
  }
  Ractor.current.close # avoid yielding a value at the end
end

pool = 20.times.map { Ractor.new{ do_processing } }.freeze

5.times do # divide processing into 5 ractors
  Ractor.new(pool) do |pool|
    loop do
      _ractor, result = Ractor.select(*pool) # with my proposed lax select
      do_something_with(result)
    end
  end
end
```

The `loop` above terminates when `Ractor.select` raises an error once the whole `pool` is terminated.

I'm new to actors but my intuition currently is that I will never want to take care of a pool of Ractors myself and would always prefer if `Ractor.select` did it for me. Are there use-cases where `Ractor.select` raising an error if it encounters a closed queue is helpful?

Notes: 
- (*) `Ractor.select` doesn't really enforce ractors to be opened of course, it will work if the ractors are consumed in the right order, like in this example by chance:

```ruby
10.times.map do
  r = 2.times.map { Ractor.new{ sleep(0.05); :ok } }
  Ractor.select(*r) # Get first available result
  # Don't remove the ractor from `r`
  Ractor.select(*r).last rescue :error  # Get second result
end
 # => [:ok, :error, :error, :error, :error, :error, :error, :ok, :ok, :ok]
```

- I think `Ractor.select(*pool, yield_value: 42)` would raise only if the current outgoing queue is closed, even if the whole pool was terminated 
- Similarly `Ractor.select(*pool, Ractor.current)` would raise only if the current incomming queue is also closed. 




-- 
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