[ruby-core:100299] [Ruby master Bug#17214] BigDecimal exponentiation gives incorrect results

Issue #17214 has been updated by karatedog (Fdes L疽zl.


nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) wrote in #note-2:
> `BigDecimal` instances hold the precision, and it is not enough in that case.
> You need to override the default precision in some operations.
> ```ruby
> BigDecimal(2222).power(3.5, Float::DIG).to_i #=> 517135308457
> ```

If I increase the precision of the two arguments ("2222", "3.5"), but leave the operation's precision on default, the result still will be wrong.
So the good result relies only on the precision of the operation which is not straightforward immediately for the developer (because it will return a value).

To sum up:
1. Only #power can be used for proper exponentiation, as #** cannot be given any argument and thus will give almost always wrong results if used with large numbers. Existing code might need to be rewritten, changing class from Float to BigDecimal will not be idempotent.
1. BigDecimal is advertised as an "arbitrary precision library" yet using the defaults it is less precise than Float. This is misleading, it will bite newcomers in the back.

I think this should be documented and/or fine-tuned, the above two violates the Principle of Least Surprise.

----------------------------------------
Bug #17214: BigDecimal exponentiation gives incorrect results
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17214#change-87884

* Author: karatedog (Fdes L疽zl鶇
* Status: Rejected
* Priority: Normal
* ruby -v: ruby 2.7.1p83 (2020-03-31 revision a0c7c23c9c) [x86_64-linux]
* Backport: 2.5: UNKNOWN, 2.6: UNKNOWN, 2.7: UNKNOWN
----------------------------------------
This is an incorrect value:

```ruby
(BigDecimal("2222") ** BigDecimal("3.5")).to_i
# => 517135311000
```

This is the correct value (within Float precision):

```ruby
2222 ** 3.5
# => 517135308457.25256
```

As the Base gets larger, the problem is more visible. Wrong value, number of trailing zeroes increase:

```ruby
(BigDecimal("22222") ** BigDecimal("3.5")).to_i
# => 1635840670000000
```

Nearing maximum Float precision:

```ruby
22222 ** 3.5
# => 1635840670214066.5
```



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