From: ruby-core@...
Date: 2018-06-01T03:10:17+00:00
Subject: [ruby-core:87331] [Ruby trunk Bug#14015] Enumerable & Hash yielding	arity

Issue #14015 has been updated by marcandre (Marc-Andre Lafortune).


Here's more code to show how the situation is complicated.
I don't know which of these can be considered bugs and which are as per spec.
The method `check` below checks if a method accepting one argument (`one`) or two arguments (`two`) is acceptable for a particular call.

~~~ ruby
def check(receiver, method, expects)
  results = expects.keys.map do |block|
    receiver.send(method, &block)
    :ok
  rescue ArgumentError
    :raise
  end
  raise "Expected #{expects.values}, got #{results}" unless expects.values == results
end

hash = {a: 1}

def method_one(x)
end
one = method(:method_one)

def method_two(x, y)
end
two = method(:method_two)

class << enum = Object.new
  include Enumerable
  def each
    return to_enum unless block_given?
    yield :a, 1
  end
end

### 1) Lambda vs Method

# Don't always behave the same way:

check(enum, :select,
  one           => :ok,
  (->(x) {})    => :ok,
  two           => :raise,
  (->(x, y) {}) => :ok,
) {|x| enum.select(&x) }

# (Since 2.2, https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9605)

# ### 2) Hash vs Enumerable

# Sometimes requires arity 1:
check(hash, :detect,
  one           => :ok,
  two           => :raise,
)
check(enum, :detect,
  one           => :ok,
  two           => :raise,
)


# Sometimes relaxed for Hash, but not Enumerable
check(hash, :any?,
  one           => :ok,
  two           => :ok,
)
check(enum, :any?,
  one           => :raise,
  two           => :ok,
)
# (But Hash#each no longer relaxed, now reversed from Enumerable)
check(hash.each, :any?,
  one           => :ok,
  two           => :raise,
)


# Sometimes requires arity 2 for Hash vs 1 for Enumerable
check(hash, :select,
  one           => :raise,
  two           => :ok,
)
check(enum, :select,
  one           => :ok,
  two           => :raise,
)
# (But Hash#each reverses:)
check(hash.each, :select,
  one           => :ok,
  two           => :raise,
)


# Sometimes requires the reverse: arity 1 for Hash vs 2 for Enumerable
check(hash, :find_index,
  one           => :ok,
  two           => :raise,
)
check(enum, :find_index,
  one           => :raise,
  two           => :ok,
)

# But Hash#each doesn't really behave as Enumerable...
check(hash.each, :find_index,
  one           => :ok,
  two           => :raise,
)

~~~

Ideally, we would have a decision as to what the correct behavior is, before we introduce a shorthand to get a method.

----------------------------------------
Bug #14015: Enumerable & Hash yielding arity
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14015#change-72323

* Author: marcandre (Marc-Andre Lafortune)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto)
* Target version: 
* ruby -v: 2.5.0 preview 1
* Backport: 2.3: UNKNOWN, 2.4: UNKNOWN
----------------------------------------
The subtle difference between `yield 1, 2` and `yield [1, 2]` has always confused me.

Today I wanted to pass a method to Hash#flat_map and realized how it's even more confusing than I thought.

I assumed that `Hash#each` was calling `yield key, value`. But somehow it's not that simple:

~~~ ruby
{a: 1}.map(&->(key, value){}) # => [nil]
{a: 1}.flat_map(&->(key, value){})  #=> ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
~~~

What blows my mind, is that a custom method `each` that does `yield a, 1` has different result!

~~~ ruby
class << o = Object.new
  include Enumerable
  def each
    yield :a, 1
  end
end
o.map(&->(key, value){})  # => [nil]
o.flat_map(&->(key, value){})  # => [nil]  does not raise!!
~~~
I don't even know how that's possible, since Hash doesn't have a specialized `flat_map` method...

Here's a list of methods that accept a lambda of arity 2 (as I would expect)
For Hash
  each, any?, map,    select, reject, 
For a custom yield
  each, any?, map,    count, find_index,  flat_map, all?, one?, none?, take_while, uniq

These two lists have `each`, `map` and `any?`  in common. Others work in one flavor, not the other. Many require arity 1: find, sort_by, grep, grep_v, count, detect, find_index, find_all, ...

To make things even more impossible, `Hash#map` has been working with arity 2 since Ruby 2.4 only.

Finally, `Hash#each` changes the expected arity of `select`, `reject`, and `any?`, but not of `map`:

~~~ruby
    {a: 1}         .select(&->(a, b){})  # => {}
    {a: 1}.each.select(&->(a, b){}) # => wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
~~~

Conclusion:

It seems more or less impossible to guess the expected arity of methods of Enumerable and of Hash, and they are not even consistent with one another. This makes these methods more or less unusable with lambdas.

While compatibility could be an issue, the fact that `Hash#map` has changed it's arity (I believe following https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13391 ) makes me think that compatibility with the lesser used methods would be even less of a problem.

My personal wish: that the following methods be fixed to expect arity 2 for lambdas:

For both Hash & Enumerable:
* find, sort_by, grep, grep_v, detect, find_all, partition, group_by, min_by, max_by, minmax_by, reverse_each, drop_while, sum
For Hash:
* count, find_index,  flat_map, all?, one?, none?, take_while, uniq
For Enumerable:
* select, reject

Matz, what do you think?

---Files--------------------------------
yield_arity.rb (805 Bytes)


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