[ruby-core:71553] [Ruby trunk - Feature #11708] [Open] Specify a way to override Struct-subclass constructor

Issue #11708 has been reported by Ilya Vorontsov.

----------------------------------------
Feature #11708: Specify a way to override Struct-subclass constructor
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/11708

* Author: Ilya Vorontsov
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: 
----------------------------------------
It's common to create simple data-object with some constraints. One can either implement custom class or use `Struct`. Struct is generally simpler and helps to avoid some mistakes as non-defined `#hash` and `#eql?`. But at the same time it's more difficult to make validation for `Struct` subclass.

```ruby
Point = Struct.new(:x, :y)

NonnegativePoint = Struct.new(:x,:y) do
  def initialize(*args, &block)
    super
    raise 'Negative coordinates are not allowed'  if x < 0 || y < 0
  end
end
```

Above written code solves the problem but has one flaw. `Struct.new` creates a subclass of `Struct` and defines some methods as `#x`, `#x=`. And there are no guarantees that `NonnegativePoint#initialize` wasn't redefined too.
We can check that `Point.new` without explicitly defined `#initialize` actually hits `Struct#initialize` and `Point#initialize` not defined:

```ruby
Point.instance_method(:initialize)
# => #<UnboundMethod: Point(Struct)#initialize>
NonnegativePoint.instance_method(:initialize)
# => #<UnboundMethod: NonnegativePoint#initialize>
```

But nothing in `Struct` documentation or test suite states that this behavior can't be changed in newer ruby versions.

I propose either to declare in docs and test that initialize method can be safely overriden because `#initialize` is not defined in `Struct` subclasses.
In you assume that one day current behavior can change (e.g. for perfomance reasons), then it's reasonable to create an extension point like '#after_initialize' which is called from `Struct`'s subclass `#initialize` method.




-- 
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/