[ruby-core:103576] [Ruby master Bug#17822] Inconsistent visibility behavior with refinements

Issue #17822 has been reported by alanwu (Alan Wu).

----------------------------------------
Bug #17822: Inconsistent visibility behavior with refinements
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17822

* Author: alanwu (Alan Wu)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Backport: 2.6: UNKNOWN, 2.7: UNKNOWN, 3.0: UNKNOWN
----------------------------------------
Running the following script, case 0 raises `NoMethodError` for privacy violation,
while all other cases print `:refined`. Shouldn't all three cases be equivalent?

```ruby
class A; end

module M
  refine(A) { def foo; :refined; end }
end

case ARGV.first.to_i
when 0
  class A
    private def foo; end
  end
when 1
  class A
    prepend(Module.new)
    private def foo; end
  end
when 2
  class A
    private
    def foo; end
  end
end

using(M)
p(A.new.foo)
```

---

Some analysis: case 0 on master(cb78aae) behaves differently from version 3.0.1.
Applying the patch from https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4357 recovers the behavior
found on `3.0.1`. That patch plus the following diff makes case 0 behave like case 1 and 2.

```diff
diff --git a/vm_method.c b/vm_method.c
index 0f25c514a8..82ac3a60b3 100644
--- a/vm_method.c
+++ b/vm_method.c
@@ -1399,11 +1399,16 @@ rb_export_method(VALUE klass, ID name, rb_method_visibility_t visi)
 	rb_vm_check_redefinition_opt_method(me, klass);
 
 	if (klass == defined_class || origin_class == defined_class) {
-	    METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET(me, visi);
-
-	    if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED && me->def->body.refined.orig_me) {
-		METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET((rb_method_entry_t *)me->def->body.refined.orig_me, visi);
-	    }
+            if (me->def->type == VM_METHOD_TYPE_REFINED) {
+                // Refinement method entries should always be public because the refinement
+                // search is always performed.
+                if (me->def->body.refined.orig_me) {
+                    METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET((rb_method_entry_t *)me->def->body.refined.orig_me, visi);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                METHOD_ENTRY_VISI_SET(me, visi);
+            }
             rb_clear_method_cache(klass, name);
 	}
 	else {
```



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