[ruby-core:116076] [Ruby master Feature#20160] rescue keyword for case expressions

Issue #20160 has been updated by lloeki (Loic Nageleisen).


> If #parse is defined as:

This requires:

a) parse to be in your control
b) parse to handle every possible exception (including whatever it calls) for which one would want a rescuing clause to control flow.

> extracting the get to a separate method

A somewhat generic alternative would be:

```
def wrap_error
  yield
rescue StandardError => e
  [:error, e]
end

case wrap_error { parse(input) }
when ...
```

That is the point: exceptions are a first class Ruby concept. To me it feels off to create wrappers (e.g with this new get method or the wrapper above), munge return values with in band metadata (this [:error, exception] return value), or split control flow in two parts (begin rescue followed by case when) when logically it is one control flow, this is why I felt there may be interest in such a proposal.

I do agree that pattern matching feels as much of a good potential candidate as any for such an exception rescuing feature. A specific pattern syntax could be used to match a given exception, and `else` would make sense.

----------------------------------------
Feature #20160: rescue keyword for case expressions
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20160#change-106073

* Author: lloeki (Loic Nageleisen)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
----------------------------------------
It is frequent to find this piece of hypothetical Ruby code:

```
     case (parsed = parse(input))
     when Integer then handle_int(parsed)
     when Float then handle_float(parsed)
     end
```

What if we need to handle `parse` raising a hypothetical `ParseError`? Currently this can be done in two ways.

Either option A, wrapping `case .. end`:

```
   begin
     case (parsed = parse(input))
     when Integer then handle_int(parsed)
     when Float then handle_float(parsed)
       # ...
     end
   rescue ParseError
     # ...
   end
```

Or option B, guarding before `case`:

```
   begin
     parsed = parse(input)
   rescue ParseError
     # ...
   end

   case parsed
   when Integer then handle_int(parsed)
   when Float then handle_float(parsed)
     # ...
   end
```

The difference between option A and option B is that:

- option A `rescue` is not localised to parsing and also covers code following `when` (including calling `===`), `then`, and `else`, which may or may not be what one wants.
- option B `rescue` is localised to parsing but moves the definition of the variable (`parsed`) and the call to what is actually done (`parse(input)`) far away from `case`.

With option B in some cases the variable needs to be introduced even though it might not be needed in `then` parts (e.g if the call in `case` is side-effectful or its value simply leading to branching decision logic).

The difference becomes important when rescued exceptions are more general (e.g `Errno` stuff, `ArgumentError`, etc..), as well as when we consider `ensure` and `else`. I feel like option B is the most sensible one in general, but it adds a lot of noise and splits the logic in two parts.

I would like to suggest a new syntax:

```
   case (parsed = parse(input))
   when Integer then handle_int(parsed)
   when Float then handle_float(parsed)
   rescue ParseError
     # ...
   rescue ArgumentError
     # ...
   else
     # ... fallthrough for all rescue and when cases
   ensure
     # ... called always
   end
```

If more readability is needed as to what these `rescue` are aimed to handle - being more explicit that this is option B - one could optionally write like this:

```
   case (parsed = parse(input))
   rescue ParseError
     # ...
   rescue ArgumentError
     # ...
   when Integer then handle_int(parsed)
   when Float then handle_float(parsed)
     ...
   else
     # ...
   ensure
     # ...
   end
```

Keyword `ensure` could also be used without `rescue` in assignment contexts:

```
foo = case bar.perform
      when A then 1
      when B then 2
      ensure bar.done!
      end
```

Examples:

- A made-up pubsub streaming parser with internal state, abstracting away reading from source:

```
parser = Parser.new(io)

loop do
  case parser.parse # blocks for reading io in chunks
  rescue StandardError => e
    if parser.can_recover?(e)
      # tolerate failure, ignore
      next
    else
      emit_fail(e)
      break
    end
  when :integer
    emit_integer(parser.last)
  when :float
     emit_float(parser.last)
  when :done
     # e.g EOF reached, IO closed, YAML --- end of doc, XML top-level closed, whatever makes sense
     emit_done
     break
  else
    parser.rollback # e.g rewinds io, we may not have enough data
  ensure
    parser.checkpoint # e.g saves io position for rollback
  end
end
```

- Network handling, extrapolated from [ruby docs](https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.7.1/libdoc/net/http/rdoc/Net/HTTP.html#class-Net::HTTP-label-Following+Redirection):

```
case (response = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI(uri_str))
rescue URI::InvalidURIError
  # handle URI errors
rescue SocketError
  # handle socket errors
rescue
  # other general errors
when Net::HTTPSuccess
  response
when Net::HTTPRedirection then
  location = response['location']
  warn "redirected to #{location}"
  fetch(location, limit - 1)
else
  response.value
ensure
  @counter += 1
end
```

Credit: the idea initially came to me from [this article](https://inside.java/2023/12/15/switch-case-effect/), and thinking how it could apply to Ruby.



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