[ruby-core:109403] [Ruby master Feature#18951] Object#with to set and restore attributes around a block

Issue #18951 has been reported by byroot (Jean Boussier).

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Feature #18951: Object#with to set and restore attributes around a block
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18951

* Author: byroot (Jean Boussier)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
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### Use case

A very common pattern in Ruby, especially in testing is to save the value of an attribute, set a new value, and then restore the old value in an `ensure` clause.

e.g. in unit tests

```ruby
def test_something_when_enabled
  enabled_was, SomeLibrary.enabled = SomeLibrary.enabled, true
  # test things
ensure
  SomeLibrary.enabled = enabled_was
end
```

Or sometime in actual APIs:

```ruby
def with_something_enabled
  enabled_was = @enabled
  @enabled = true
  yield
ensure
  @enabled = enabled_was
end
```

There is no inherent problem with this pattern, but it can be easy to make a mistake, for instance the unit test example:

```ruby
def test_something_when_enabled
  some_call_that_may_raise
  enabled_was, SomeLibrary.enabled = SomeLibrary.enabled, true
  # test things
ensure
  SomeLibrary.enabled = enabled_was
end
```

In the above if `some_call_that_may_raise` actually raises, `SomeLibrary.enabled` is set back to `nil` rather than its original value. I've seen this mistake quite frequently.

### Proposal

I think it would be very useful to have a method on Object to implement this pattern in a correct and easy to use way. The naive Ruby implementation would be:

```ruby
class Object
  def with(**attributes)
    old_values = attributes.dup
    attributes.each_key do |key|
      old_values[key] = public_send(key)
    end
    begin
      attributes.each do |key, value|
        public_send("#{key}=", value)
      end
      yield
    ensure
      old_values.each do |key, old_value|
        public_send("#{key}=", old_value)
      end
    end
  end
end
```

NB: `public_send` is used because I don't think such method should be usable if the accessors are private.

With usage:

```ruby
def test_something_when_enabled
  SomeLibrary.with(enabled: true) do
    # test things
  end
end
```

```ruby
GC.with(measure_total_time: true, auto_compact: false) do
  # do something
end
```

### Alternate names and signatures

If `#with` isn't good, I can also think of:

  - `Object#set`
  - `Object#apply`

But the `with_` prefix is by far the most used one when implementing methods that follow this pattern.

Also if accepting a Hash is dimmed too much, alternative signatures could be:

  - `Object#set(attr_name, value)`
  - `Object#set(attr1, value1, [attr2, value2], ...)`





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