[ruby-core:104361] [Ruby master Bug#18000] have_library doesn't work when ruby is compiled with --disable-shared --disable-install-static-library

Issue #18000 has been reported by byroot (Jean Boussier).

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Bug #18000: have_library doesn't work when ruby is compiled with --disable-shared --disable-install-static-library
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18000

* Author: byroot (Jean Boussier)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Backport: 2.6: UNKNOWN, 2.7: UNKNOWN, 3.0: UNKNOWN
----------------------------------------
Related [Feature #12845] 

If you compile ruby with `--disable-shared --disable-install-static-library`, then many C-extension won't compile anymore. For instance `RedCloth`

```ruby
# extconf.rb
require 'mkmf'
CONFIG['warnflags'].gsub!(/-Wshorten-64-to-32/, '') if CONFIG['warnflags']
$CFLAGS << ' -O0 -Wall ' if CONFIG['CC'] =~ /gcc/
dir_config("redcloth_scan")
have_library("c", "main")
create_makefile("redcloth_scan")
```

```
#mkmf.log 

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/include/ruby-3.1.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/local/include/ruby-3.1.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/include/ruby-3.1.0 -I. -I/usr/local/include    -O3 -fno-fast-math -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable -Wundef -O0 -Wall  conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -L. -L/usr/local/lib  -fstack-protector-strong -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lruby-static -lz -lpthread -lrt -lrt -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm
    -lm   -lc"
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lruby-static
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2: 
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return !!argv[argc];
6: }
/* end */
```

We'd like to use both flags, the first because it provide a small performance improvement, the second because `libruby-static.a` is enormous (up to 120MiB on debug builds).

@alanwu says it's theoretically possible to compile with just the headers.



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