[ruby-core:103979] [Ruby master Feature#17881] Add a Module#const_added callback

Issue #17881 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze).


One potential overhead of the :class TracePoint is that it allows accessing the binding through TracePoint#binding:
```
$ ruby -e 'TracePoint.new(:class) { |tp| p tp; p tp.self; p tp.binding.local_variables }.enable; a=1; class C; b=2; end' 
#<TracePoint:class@-e:1>
C
[:b]
```

I'm not sure how much it matters in practice, probably not a lot.

If we add some more direct callback instead we won't have that issue, but we'd need to lookup the callback method every time vs just checking a global flag "any class TracePoint enabled".

----------------------------------------
Feature #17881: Add a Module#const_added callback
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17881#change-92113

* Author: byroot (Jean Boussier)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
----------------------------------------
### Use case

Autoloaders like `zeitwerk` need a callback when a new class or module is registered in the constant table.

Currently this is implemented with TracePoint's `:class` event. It works, but it is a bit unfortunate to have to use an API intended for debugging to implement production features. It doesn't feel "conceptually clean". 

It also [doesn't play well with MJIT](https://k0kubun.medium.com/ruby-3-jit-can-make-rails-faster-756310f235a), even though it's more of an MJIT limitation.

Additionally this usage of TracePoint cause [some incompatibilities with some debuggers like `byebug`](https://github.com/deivid-rodriguez/byebug/issues/564) (even though others don't have this issue). 

### Proposal

I believe that if Ruby was to call `Module#const_added` when a constant is registered, Zeitwerk could get rid of TracePoint.

For now I implemented it as: `const_added(const_name)` for similarity with `method_added`. But maybe it could make sense to have the signature be `const_added(const_name, const_value)`.

Also since `method_removed` exists, maybe `const_removed` would need to be added for consistency.

### Links

Patch: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4521
Zeitwerk side discussion: https://github.com/fxn/zeitwerk/issues/135

cc @k0kubun



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