From: Asfand Yar Qazi <im_not_giving_it_here@..._hate_spam.com>
Date: 2004-01-18T16:20:01+09:00
Subject: C++ from Ruby ARRRGGHH!!

Yes, I know there's a wrapper available already that can wrap C++ 
exceptions in Ruby, but I want to do it myself as a learning exercise.

Anyway, could you look at the following test code that reveals the 
problem?  I just don't know what to do!  Are C++ exceptions in GCC 
incompatible with Ruby exceptions?  I think that's the problem, isn't it...

(I have put a link to an archive with these files, plus the library 
binary, here: http://users.wmin.ac.uk/~w9921783/ruby-test.tar.gz)

=====file Makefile
Test.so: ruby-test.cc
	g++ -shared -o $@ -I`ruby -rrbconfig \
	    -e 'puts Config::CONFIG["archdir"]'` $<

=====file t.rb
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby -w

require 'Test'

include Mod

Test.init
(1..20).each() do
     begin
	Test.init
     rescue CPP_Error => e
	puts("C++ exception '#{e.cppclass}' occured, message = \"#{e.message}\"");
     rescue Exception => e
	puts("Exception #{e.class.name} occured: #{e.message}");
     end
end

Test.deinit

=====file ruby-test.cc

#include "ruby.h"
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>

namespace
{

struct Test
{
	static bool init_;

	static void
	init()
	{
		if(!init_)
			init_ = true;
		else
			throw std::runtime_error("DDStuff");
	}

	static bool
	is_init() {return init_;}

	static void
	deinit() {init_ = false;}
};

bool Test::init_ = false;

VALUE cTest;

/// Module
VALUE mMod;

/// C++ exception
VALUE eCPP_Error;

/// Define a class (as rb_define_class) under mMod
inline VALUE defclass(const char *name, VALUE super)
{
	return rb_define_class_under(mMod, name, super);
}

/// Convert boolean to Qtrue/Qfalse
inline VALUE convbool(bool arg) {if(arg)return Qtrue; else return Qfalse;}

/// Takes an exception 'e', gets its name and 'what' message, and uses
/// it to throw a Ruby exception
void
raise_ruby(std::exception& e)
{
	std::string classname = typeid(e).name();

/*
   COMMENT: This gives the error message show in Init_Test

*/
// 	VALUE excep = rb_funcall(eCPP_Error, rb_intern("new"), 1,
// 				 rb_str_new2(classname.c_str()));
// 	rb_raise(excep, e.what());



// COMMENT: WITH THE FOLLOWING instead of the above, when Test.init
// has been called a certain number of times, a segfault occurs

	std::string eval_string = "raise CPP_Error.new('" + classname
		+ "'), '" + e.what() + "'";
	rb_eval_string(eval_string.c_str());
}

/// @define CHECK_CPP Call given C++ code, and check it for
/// exceptions, throwing if necessary
#define CHECK_CPP(code) try {code;} catch(std::exception& e) 
{raise_ruby(e);}

// Test
VALUE
Test__init(VALUE self)
{
	CHECK_CPP(Test::init());
	return self;
}

VALUE
Test__is_init(VALUE self)
{
	return convbool(Test::is_init());
}

VALUE
Test__deinit(VALUE self)
{
	Test::deinit();
	return self;
}

// Call with 'cppclass'
VALUE
CPP_Error__initialize(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self)
{
	VALUE argcppclass;
	VALUE argmessage;

	if(rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &argcppclass, &argmessage) == 1)
		argmessage = rb_str_new2("");
	StringValue(argcppclass);
	rb_call_super(1, &argmessage);
	rb_iv_set(self, "@cppclass", argcppclass);

	return self;
}

VALUE
test(...)
{
// 	VALUE retval = INT2FIX(0);
// 	StringValue(retval);
// 	return retval;

	VALUE tmp = rb_funcall(eCPP_Error, rb_intern("new"),
			       1, rb_str_new2("AnException"));
	return tmp;

// 	rb_funcall(rb_mKernel, rb_intern("p"), 1,
// 			rb_funcall(eCPP_Error, rb_intern("inspect"), 0));
// 	return rb_funcall(eCPP_Error, rb_intern("inspect"), 0);
//	return eCPP_Error;
}

} // namespace

typedef VALUE(*rbfunk)(...);

extern "C" void Init_Test()
{
	// module Mod
	mMod = rb_define_module("Mod");

	rb_define_global_function("testsr", test, 0);

/*
COMMENT: Using raise-ruby.c block 1, regardless of which of the
following styles I try, I get the following:

../t.rb:10:in `init': undefined method `new' for 
Mod::CPP_Error:Mod::CPP_Error (NoMethodError)
	from ./t.rb:10
	from ./t.rb:8:in `each'
	from ./t.rb:8

However, see the 'raise_ruby' func above...
*/

	// STYLE1
	eCPP_Error = defclass("CPP_Error", rb_eRuntimeError);
	rb_define_method(eCPP_Error, "initialize",
			 (rbfunk)CPP_Error__initialize, -1);
	rb_eval_string("class Mod::CPP_Error; attr_reader(:cppclass);end");
	// END STYLE1

	// STYLE2
// 	rb_eval_string("module Mod\n"
// 		       "  class CPP_Error < RuntimeError\n"
// 		       "    def initialize(cppclass, message = '')\n"
// 		       "      super(message)\n"
// 		       "      @cppclass = cppclass\n"
// 		       "    end\n"
// 		       "    attr_reader(:cppclass)\n"
// 		       "  end\n"
// 		       "end\n");
// 	eCPP_Error = rb_eval_string("Mod::CPP_Error");
	// STYLE2

	cTest = defclass("Test", rb_cObject);
	rb_define_singleton_method(cTest, "init",
				   (rbfunk)Test__init, 0);
	rb_define_singleton_method(cTest, "is_init?",
				   (rbfunk)Test__is_init, 0);
	rb_define_singleton_method(cTest, "deinit",
				   (rbfunk)Test__deinit, 0);
}





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