From: Dan Doel <djd15@...>
Date: 2003-08-17T03:17:02+09:00
Subject: Re: Newbie Q: Data encapsulation with Ruby



Meino Christian Cramer wrote:

>  (in general)...but with the getter/setter (especially setter) you
>  gain more control over what is going in and out.
>
>  A setter could control the validity of the value range...
>
>  (I am not saying, that it is NOT POSSIBLE in ruby to write
>  setter/getter methods! This is a more general remark on OOP...)
>
>  
>

Okay, I see where the confusion is.

Ruby style doesn't recommend that you write setter/getter methods with 
names like:

setA/getA

Instead of setA, you write:

def a=(val)
    @a = val
end

And instead of getA, you write

def a
    @a
end

Basically, the private instance variable is called @var_name, the getter 
is a method named
var_name, and the setter is a method named var_name=.

You can write these methods yourself, as I have above. All attr_reader 
and attr_writer do
is write a default implementation (basically, the exact forms that I 
wrote above), to save you
some typing.  If you want, you can do:

def a=(val)
    if val < 0
       raise "a cannot be negative"
    end

    # convert from degrees to radians

    a = val*pi/360
end

This is an interesting system, in that you can have one internal 
variable linked to what looks like
multiple pseudo "public" variables. Like:

class Angle
    # this class stores the angle in grads

    def grads
       @grads
    end

    def grads=(val)
       @grads = val
    end

    def radians
       @grads*pi/400
    end

    def radians=(val)
       @grads = val*400/pi;
    end

    def degrees
       @grads*360/400
    end

    def degrees=(val)
       @grads = val*400/360
    end
end

However, the first two methods here are just straigt setter/getters, so 
you could write:

class Angle
    attr_reader :grads
    attr_writer :grads
    ...
end

So they're just convenience methods.

Hope this helps.

- Dan