From: Anders Borch Date: 2003-06-27T04:38:16+09:00 Subject: Re: protect parents from children I cannot easily find a way around your problem, if all you want is protection of an instance variable you could create access method for that variable (you could declare those as private if you want) and then have all the access controls you could desire in those access methods. There is, of cause, no way to prevent that those access methods are overloaded in the child class. class A def var @var end def var= (v) # control here @var = v end end there is, tho, no way to prevent a child from declaring it's own var=() method. -- dc -e 4dd*od3*dddn1-89danrn10-dan3+ann6*dan*2*an13dn1+dn2-dn3+5*ddan2/9+an13nap