From: ts Date: 2002-05-05T18:46:46+09:00 Subject: Re: Clarification requested on Object->Kernel relationship >>>>> "R" == Rich Kilmer writes: R> Does such an anonymous proxy class get created when the class Object R> includes Kernel? yes, R> If so, then Object does have a superclass, but it's an R> anonymous proxy class? it depend what you call a superclass. For ruby, a superclass is a class which is not an included class, this is why it give nil for Object pigeon% ruby -e 'p Array.superclass' Object pigeon% pigeon% ruby -e 'p Object.superclass' nil pigeon% Guy Decoux