From: Grary Stimon Date: 2011-12-12T05:45:30+09:00 Subject: Re: enforcing module contract with self.included? OK, right. I still can't get the test result I expect in this case... But as a general matter, I have noted the general disdain Rubyists have for abstract class-like enforcement mechanisms. And it's true that if I want to rule out runtime errors by enforcing the presence of certain parent class methods in any implementing children, then I've got to put all this stuff in the parent to ensure that, as I have been trying to do with the Module hooks. ALTERNATIVE APPROACH -- which I take to be more Ruby -- is to trust the implementer to follow the documentation for the parent -- taking responsibility for runtime error stuff, themselves. I might try to help them by adding test examples that they can take from my parent module and run against their child implementations. Is my alternative approach the way to go, or do good Rubyists enforce parent module contracts to avoid runtime errors in the implementing children? Grar -- Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.