From: ctdev Date: 2011-03-30T21:25:29+09:00 Subject: Re: Encoding issues when parsing HTML in 1.9 I also tried the following on a test string: s.encode("UTF-8", :invalid => :replace, :undef =>:replace, :replace => "?") But it doesn't seem to replace the invalid character(s), the very one(s) it's complaining about! So I'm stuck because I'm getting the "invalid byte sequence" error, yet the above function won't replace the invalid bytes. TFM says: ":invalid : If the value is :replace, encode replaces invalid byte sequences in str with the replacement character" That's exactly what I'm trying to do but it isn't working. It isn't replacing the invalid byte sequence it's complaining about with the replacement character.