From: Su Zhang Date: 2011-01-26T14:12:08+09:00 Subject: Re: module_function and Object include. "Including a module in Object class" simply makes every object respond to the mixed-in methods. In your case, `greet' is made available as an instance method of Object. The class `Greeter' is derived directly from `Object', thus also inherits the instance method 'greet'. Furthermore, the class `Greeter' itself is an object of type `Class', which inherits from `Object' too, so 'Greeter' itself (without the presence of any instance of it) also responds to 'greet'. -- Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.