From: 7stud -- Date: 2009-08-06T20:02:06+09:00 Subject: Kernel's module methods? According to pickaxe2, p516: Module Kernel ------------ The Kernel module is included by class Object, so its [instance] methods are available in every Ruby object. The Kernel instance methods are documented in class Object beginning on page 567. This section documents the module methods. These methods are called without a receiver and thus can be called in functional form. ------------ I tried to model that state of affairs with this code: module K def K.test1 puts "test1" end def test2 puts "test2" end end class O include K K.test1 test1 end --output:-- test1 r2test.rb:16: undefined local variable or method `test1' for O:Class (NameError) How come you can call Kernel methods without a receiver? -- Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.