From: Daniel Moore <yahivin@...>
Date: 2009-03-16T04:09:50+09:00
Subject: [SUMMARY] Rhyming Words (#195)

This week's quiz had an excellent solution from Eugene Kalenkovich.

In order to get this to work on my machine in 1.8 or 1.9 I had to add
the following:

    # Adding 1.9 and 1.8 compatibility
    if :a.respond_to? :to_proc
      class String
        include Enumerable
        alias :each :each_line
      end
    else
      class Symbol
        def to_proc
          proc { |obj, *args| obj.send(self, *args) }
        end
      end
    end

This is probably not the best overall solution to make code 1.9
compatible, but it does illustrate some of the differences between
Ruby versions. It appears as though the code was written for 1.8 but
with Facets or another library defining `Symbol#to_proc`.

Eugene's solution requires a database (plain text file of words and
pronunciations) to operate. The file contains entries in the following
form:

    # ...
    MONGOLS  M AA1 NG G AH0 L Z
    MONGOOSE  M AA1 NG G UW0 S
    # ...
    REPARATIONS  R EH2 P ER0 EY1 SH AH0 N Z
    REPARTEE  R EH2 P ER0 T IY1
    # ...

These are phonetic representations of the words. The readme file that
accompanies the database describes the pronunciations in detail if you
are interested in learning more.

    # lookup tables to store the words and rhyming words
    $words = Hash.new{|h,k| h[k]=[]}
    $rhymes = Hash.new{|h,k| h[k]=[]}

The `perfect_key` method is what determines what words perfectly rhyme
with one another. It iterates through the reverse of the sound list
and stops after adding the first stress. So if the word is 'mongoose'
`perfect_key` will return `["S", "UW0", "G", "NG", "AA1"]`.

    # Returns an array of sounds starting at the end and
    # going through the first stress
    def perfect_key(pron)
      key = []
      pron.reverse.each do |snd|
        key << snd
        break if snd =~ /1$/
      end
      key
    end

The rhymes method is used to display the rhyming words in the output.
It gets all the rhyming words for the given word's perfect key and
returns the list minus the word itself.

    def rhymes(word)
      wup = word.upcase
      $rhymes[perfect_key($words[wup])] - [wup]
    end

Reading the data file and creating the tables of pronunciation and
words is the bulk of the processing. This section iterates through
each line in the word data file and creates a mapping from the word to
the pronunciation, skipping comment lines or lines that have words
with non-alpha characters. After mapping the word to the pronunciation
it adds the word to the list of rhymes that is mapped by the perfect
key of the pronunciation in the `$rhymes` hash.

    File.open('mpron/cmudict0.3') {|f| f.readlines}.each do |l|
      w, *pron = l.strip.split(' ')
      next unless !w.empty? and w.grep(/[^A-Z]/).empty?
      pron.map!{|sound| sound.sub(/2/,'1')}
      $words[w] = pron
      $rhymes[perfect_key(pron)] << w
    end

The program will find rhymes for all command line arguments passed in,
or some example arguments if none are given. Having already loaded the
data into a mapping that is convenient, all that is left is to lookup
the lists of words that match the given words perfect rhymes and print
them out.

    input = ARGV.empty? ? ['laughter', 'soaring', 'antelope'] : ARGV
    results = input.map do |w|
      w + ': ' + rhymes(w).map(&:downcase).join(', ') + "\n"
    end.join("\n")

    print results

Thank you, Eugene, for a very cool solution!

http://rubyquiz.strd6.com/quizzes/195

- Daniel