[#316551] "ensure" hiding actual error — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...>

In my main program I have a "begin ensure end".

19 messages 2008/10/01
[#316566] Re: "ensure" hiding actual error — "Robert Klemme" <shortcutter@...> 2008/10/01

2008/10/1 Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@gmx.com>:

[#316570] Re: "ensure" hiding actual error — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/10/01

Robert Klemme wrote:

[#316579] Re: "ensure" hiding actual error — "Robert Klemme" <shortcutter@...> 2008/10/01

2008/10/1 Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@gmx.com>:

[#316583] Re: "ensure" hiding actual error — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/10/01

Robert Klemme wrote:

[#316585] Re: "ensure" hiding actual error — "Thomas B." <tpreal@...> 2008/10/01

Nit Khair wrote:

[#316589] Re: "ensure" hiding actual error — "Robert Klemme" <shortcutter@...> 2008/10/01

2008/10/1 Thomas B. <tpreal@gmail.com>:

[#316617] Ordered hash hack for < ruby 1.9? — Ben Johnson <bjohnson@...>

I am having an issue testing my code because hashes don't have a

22 messages 2008/10/01
[#316620] Re: Ordered hash hack for < ruby 1.9? — "Patrick Doyle" <wpdster@...> 2008/10/01

Why not iterate over myhash.keys.sort instead of just myhash.keys?

[#316704] Problem extending (adding methods) to class — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...>

I am trying to extend a class developed by someone else (its from the

24 messages 2008/10/02
[#316707] Re: Problem extending (adding methods) to class — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/10/02

Nit Khair wrote:

[#316723] Is Assignment in a Conditional an Idiom? — worthee@...

Hi

19 messages 2008/10/02

[#316839] class << self — "Patrick Doyle" <wpdster@...>

Sorry if this is a FAQ, but I was just looking at some Ruby code and

14 messages 2008/10/03

[#316847] Making/Compiling Gems on Windows with MinGW — Cayce Balara <house@...>

Whenever I try to install a gem that doesn't have a precompiled binary

11 messages 2008/10/03

[#316907] stream closed (IOError) — "Eric Will" <rakaur@...>

This code:

17 messages 2008/10/05
[#316910] Re: stream closed (IOError) — Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@...> 2008/10/05

Hi,

[#316920] Re: stream closed (IOError) — "Eric Will" <rakaur@...> 2008/10/05

Line 231 is the @socket.close line. Nothing gets done to the socket

[#316925] Re: stream closed (IOError) — Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@...> 2008/10/05

Hi,

[#316926] Re: stream closed (IOError) — "Eric Will" <rakaur@...> 2008/10/05

On Sun, Oct 5, 2008 at 11:46 AM, Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@ruby-lang.org> wrote:

[#316927] Re: stream closed (IOError) — Iki Baz Castillo <ibc@...> 2008/10/05

El Domingo, 5 de Octubre de 2008, Eric Will escribi=F3:

[#316968] Ruby lacks atfork : The evil that lives in fork... — John Carter <john.carter@...>

Consider this simple usage of Thread and Process....

12 messages 2008/10/06

[#316978] Concurent (using threads) slower than sequential -doubt — Carlos Ortega <caof2005@...>

Hi Folks.

10 messages 2008/10/06

[#316988] Problem with comparing huge amount of strings — Jan Fischer <janfischer@...>

Hello together,

11 messages 2008/10/06

[#317122] Demand that Obama release his college records! Where is the media? — Micky <guuwwe@...>

Why is it important to see Obama's college records? Because the media

11 messages 2008/10/07

[#317126] Ruby with Oracle forward slash error — Sam Sang <younoeme@...>

Hi,

12 messages 2008/10/07

[#317127] Looking for more Ruby-like way to create an array — Steve Nicholson <ssteve@...>

I'm creating an array that is the result of the members of another array

11 messages 2008/10/07

[#317326] Thread: super should be first line or last line? — "christoforever@..." <christoforever@...>

While playing around with ruby threads I noticed that if you dont call

11 messages 2008/10/10

[#317337] Modular Arithmetic (#179) — Matthew Moss <matt@...>

-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D=

15 messages 2008/10/10

[#317395] Automatic ClassLoader (to eliminate 'require') — Alexey Petrushin <axyd80@...>

Hello!

17 messages 2008/10/11
[#317397] Re: Automatic ClassLoader (to eliminate 'require') — Erik Veenstra <erikveen@...> 2008/10/11

module AutoRequire

[#317402] Re: Automatic ClassLoader (to eliminate 'require') — Alexey Petrushin <axyd80@...> 2008/10/11

Thanks! It works! :)

[#317403] Re: Automatic ClassLoader (to eliminate 'require') — "Thomas B." <tpreal@...> 2008/10/11

Alexey Petrushin wrote:

[#317422] Sample for Metaprogramming — relzne@...

Hi.

13 messages 2008/10/11

[#317452] Updating Ruby 1.8.6 to 1.8.6-p287 in Debian 4 — The Neurochild <neurochild@...>

Hi

21 messages 2008/10/12

[#317502] Sorting help — Binh Ly <binh@...>

Hello All,

19 messages 2008/10/12

[#317601] Using DBI and MySQL gems — Owein Herrmann <oherrmann@...>

Quick question:

14 messages 2008/10/13

[#317758] Big endian convention in Ruby — Zangief Ief <z4n9ief@...>

Hello,

18 messages 2008/10/16
[#317767] Re: Big endian convention in Ruby — Robert Klemme <shortcutter@...> 2008/10/16

On 16.10.2008 10:26, Zangief Ief wrote:

[#317772] Re: Big endian convention in Ruby — Zangief Ief <z4n9ief@...> 2008/10/16

Thanks you for you answer.

[#317800] Re: Big endian convention in Ruby — Brian Candler <b.candler@...> 2008/10/16

Zangief Ief wrote:

[#317820] Re: Big endian convention in Ruby — Robert Klemme <shortcutter@...> 2008/10/16

On 16.10.2008 15:25, Brian Candler wrote:

[#317936] Re: Big endian convention in Ruby — Zangief Ief <z4n9ief@...> 2008/10/17

Thank you all for your help.

[#317759] How to go from a ruby script to a working website? — Ralph Wood <esmero@...>

As you've probably guessed by the title, total newbie here.

12 messages 2008/10/16

[#317769] A Ruby block question — David Trasbo <davidtrasbo@...>

I am in need of making a method that accepts a block. It basicly needs

23 messages 2008/10/16
[#317770] Re: A Ruby block question — Stefano Crocco <stefano.crocco@...> 2008/10/16

Alle Thursday 16 October 2008, David Trasbo ha scritto:

[#317773] Re: A Ruby block question — David Trasbo <davidtrasbo@...> 2008/10/16

Stefano Crocco wrote:

[#317779] Re: A Ruby block question — Stefano Crocco <stefano.crocco@...> 2008/10/16

Alle Thursday 16 October 2008, David Trasbo ha scritto:

[#317780] Re: A Ruby block question — David Trasbo <davidtrasbo@...> 2008/10/16

Stefano Crocco wrote:

[#317776] I found way to protect Source Code! :) — Alexey Petrushin <axyd80@...>

Hello!

34 messages 2008/10/16
[#317859] Re: I found way to protect Source Code! :) — Ade Inovica <adrian.teasdale@...> 2008/10/16

Interesting solution. May I also suggest that you try

[#317869] Re: I found way to protect Source Code! :) — Mike Gold <mike.gold.4433@...> 2008/10/16

Ade Inovica wrote:

[#317886] Re: I found way to protect Source Code! :) — Sasha Bee <rubyman77@...> 2008/10/17

Mike Gold wrote:

[#317956] Re: I found way to protect Source Code! :) — "ara.t.howard" <ara.t.howard@...> 2008/10/17

[#317878] instance counter — Pierre Lebrun <anthonylebrun@...>

Please forgive the trite nature of this question, I'm new to ruby and OO

21 messages 2008/10/17
[#317880] Re: instance counter — Tommy Nordgren <tommy.nordgren@...> 2008/10/17

[#317883] Re: instance counter — Mike Gold <mike.gold.4433@...> 2008/10/17

Tommy Nordgren wrote:

[#317903] Re: instance counter — Robert Klemme <shortcutter@...> 2008/10/17

On 17.10.2008 07:19, Mike Gold wrote:

[#317938] Error Exception if script doesn't run — jackster the jackle <johnsheahan@...>

I need to know if my script fails to run for any reason and capture the

20 messages 2008/10/17
[#317941] Re: Error Exception if script doesn't run — Brian Candler <b.candler@...> 2008/10/17

jackster the jackle wrote:

[#317967] Re: Error Exception if script doesn't run — jackster the jackle <johnsheahan@...> 2008/10/17

I notice that any shell commands that I have in the script that fail do

[#317972] Re: Error Exception if script doesn't run — Joel VanderWerf <vjoel@...> 2008/10/17

jackster the jackle wrote:

[#317974] Re: Error Exception if script doesn't run — jackster the jackle <johnsheahan@...> 2008/10/17

It seems to work but not for this command, perhaps since scp gets

[#317979] Re: Error Exception if script doesn't run — Tim Hunter <TimHunter@...> 2008/10/18

jackster the jackle wrote:

[#317992] Re: Error Exception if script doesn't run — jackster the jackle <johnsheahan@...> 2008/10/18

Tim Hunter wrote:

[#317966] Counting — Tom Clarke <thomas.clarke08@...>

How would i go about making Ruby count to say 1000 usin only multiples

18 messages 2008/10/17

[#318286] Trollop 1.10 released — William Morgan <wmorgan-ruby-talk@...>

Trollop version 1.10 has been released!

12 messages 2008/10/22

[#318309] Is there a method_eval or similar thing ? — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...>

I have a method called askyesno which takes a string and returns whether

13 messages 2008/10/22

[#318323] What exactly does "rubyish" or "ruby way" mean? — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...>

Over the last month I have been reading a lot of blogs, searching, going

12 messages 2008/10/22

[#318509] How to tell if two paths point to the same file? — Kenneth McDonald <kenneth.m.mcdonald@...>

I've tried using File.expand_path to normalize path names, but this

12 messages 2008/10/24

[#318523] RubyMacros 0.1.0 Released — "Caleb Clausen" <vikkous@...>

RubyMacros is a lisp-like macro pre-processor for Ruby. More than just a

15 messages 2008/10/24

[#318552] Join all text files in a folder, with a single line of Ruby code — luisbebop <luisbebop@...>

I did a single line of code in Ruby, which joins all text files in a

26 messages 2008/10/25
[#318556] Re: Join all text files in a folder, with a single line of Ruby code — "William James" <w_a_x_man@...> 2008/10/25

luisbebop wrote:

[#318574] Re: Join all text files in a folder, with a single line of Ruby code — Joel VanderWerf <vjoel@...> 2008/10/25

William James wrote:

[#318607] Re: Join all text files in a folder, with a single line of Ruby code — Nobuyoshi Nakada <nobu@...> 2008/10/26

Hi,

[#318622] Re: Join all text files in a folder, with a single line of Ruby code — Joel VanderWerf <vjoel@...> 2008/10/26

Nobuyoshi Nakada wrote:

[#318640] Re: Join all text files in a folder, with a single line of Ruby code — luisbebop <luisbebop@...> 2008/10/27

> ruby -pe'1' *

[#318641] Re: Join all text files in a folder, with a single line of Ruby code — Joel VanderWerf <vjoel@...> 2008/10/27

luisbebop wrote:

[#318601] Hash.merge_add! extension - how does this code look? — "Greg Hauptmann" <greg.hauptmann.ruby@...>

Hi,

18 messages 2008/10/26
[#318632] Re: Hash.merge_add! extension - how does this code look? — Stefan Rusterholz <apeiros@...> 2008/10/26

Greg Hauptmann wrote:

[#318644] Re: Hash.merge_add! extension - how does this code look? — "Greg Hauptmann" <greg.hauptmann.ruby@...> 2008/10/27

thanks for highlighting this! Is the quickest way to normalise to Array via

[#318655] Re: Hash.merge_add! extension - how does this code look? — Stefan Rusterholz <apeiros@...> 2008/10/27

Greg Hauptmann wrote:

[#318656] Re: Hash.merge_add! extension - how does this code look? — "Greg Hauptmann" <greg.hauptmann.ruby@...> 2008/10/27

I just noticed the code suggested might have a problem when the

[#318721] automatic code conversion from Ruby to C ? — "Axel Etzold" <AEtzold@...>

Dear all,

16 messages 2008/10/27

[#318888] project manager panel in SciTE — Li Chen <chen_li3@...>

Hi all,

14 messages 2008/10/29

[#318896] RubyGems 1.3.1 — Eric Hodel <drbrain@...7.net>

= Announce: RubyGems Release 1.3.1

13 messages 2008/10/29

[#318970] Roguelike project? — Tim Mcd <tmcdowell@...>

Anyone interested in a Roguelike game written in Ruby/Ncurses project?

41 messages 2008/10/30
[#318976] Re: Roguelike project? — Matthew Moss <matt@...> 2008/10/30

> Anyone interested in a Roguelike game written in Ruby/Ncurses project?

[#319050] Re: Roguelike project? — "Michael Fellinger" <m.fellinger@...> 2008/10/31

On Fri, Oct 31, 2008 at 3:42 AM, Matthew Moss <matt@moss.name> wrote:

[#319052] Re: Roguelike project? — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/10/31

Michael Fellinger wrote:

[#319056] Re: Roguelike project? — "Michael Fellinger" <m.fellinger@...> 2008/10/31

On Sat, Nov 1, 2008 at 1:46 AM, Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@gmx.com> wrote:

[#319287] Re: Roguelike project? — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/11/03

Michael Fellinger wrote:

[#319393] Re: Roguelike project? — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/11/04

Nit Khair wrote:

[#319422] Re: Roguelike project? — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/11/04

Nit Khair wrote:

[#319021] XML builder performance — Xin Zheng <crazygecko@...>

Hi all,

13 messages 2008/10/31

[#319055] How to access to local variables in enclosing scopes? — Yuh-Ruey Chen <maian330@...>

I'm familiar with other popular scripting languages (JS and Python),

34 messages 2008/10/31

[#319094] FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Charles Oliver Nutter <charles.nutter@...>

The JRuby team is proud to announce the release of FFI for Ruby 1.8.6/7

62 messages 2008/10/31
[#319099] Re: [ANN] FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Thomas Hurst <tom.hurst@...> 2008/11/01

* Charles Oliver Nutter (charles.nutter@sun.com) wrote:

[#319101] Re: [ANN] FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Charles Oliver Nutter <charles.nutter@...> 2008/11/01

Thomas Hurst wrote:

[#319113] Re: [ANN] FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Charles Oliver Nutter <charles.nutter@...> 2008/11/01

Charles Oliver Nutter wrote:

[#319238] Re: [ANN] FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Sylvain Joyeux <sylvain.joyeux@...> 2008/11/03

On Sat, Nov 01, 2008 at 08:16:39AM +0900, Charles Oliver Nutter wrote:

[#319240] Re: [ANN] FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Charles Oliver Nutter <charles.nutter@...> 2008/11/03

Sylvain Joyeux wrote:

[#319390] Re: [ANN] FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Ken Bloom <kbloom@...> 2008/11/04

On Fri, 31 Oct 2008 18:16:39 -0500, Charles Oliver Nutter wrote:

[#319391] Re: [ANN] FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — "Sean O'Halpin" <sean.ohalpin@...> 2008/11/04

On Tue, Nov 4, 2008 at 2:38 PM, Ken Bloom <kbloom@gmail.com> wrote:

[#319395] Re: FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/11/04

Sean O'halpin wrote:

[#319428] Re: FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Charles Oliver Nutter <charles.nutter@...> 2008/11/04

Nit Khair wrote:

[#319467] Re: FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — "Sean O'Halpin" <sean.ohalpin@...> 2008/11/05

On Tue, Nov 4, 2008 at 7:02 PM, Charles Oliver Nutter

[#319468] Re: FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Charles Oliver Nutter <charles.nutter@...> 2008/11/05

Sean O'Halpin wrote:

[#319535] Re: FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — "Sean O'Halpin" <sean.ohalpin@...> 2008/11/05

On Wed, Nov 5, 2008 at 4:34 AM, Charles Oliver Nutter

[#319538] Re: FFI 0.1.1 (Foreign Function Interface) for Ruby 1.8.6/7 and 1.9 — Nit Khair <sentinel.2001@...> 2008/11/05

Sean O'halpin wrote:

[ANN] ruby_parser 2.0.0 Released

From: Ryan Davis <ryand-ruby@...>
Date: 2008-10-23 04:39:03 UTC
List: ruby-talk #318393
ruby_parser version 2.0.0 has been released!

http://rubyforge.org/projects/parsetree/

ruby_parser (RP) is a ruby parser written in pure ruby (utilizing
racc--which does by default use a C extension). RP's output is
the same as ParseTree's output: s-expressions using ruby's arrays and
base types.

Changes:

=== 2.0.0 / 2008-10-22

* 1 major enhancement

   * Brought on the AWESOME! 4x faster! no known lexing/parsing bugs!

* 71 minor enhancements

   * 1.9: Added Fixnum#ord.
   * 1.9: Added missing Regexp constants and did it so it'd work on 1.9.
   * Added #store_comment and #comments
   * Added StringScanner #begin_of_line?
   * Added a bunch of tests for regexp escape chars, #parse_string,  
#read_escape, ? numbers, ? whitespace.
   * Added a hack for rubinius' r2l eval bug.
   * Added a new token type tSTRING that bypasses tSTRING_BEG/END  
entirely. Only does non-interpolated strings and then falls back to  
the old way. MUCH cleaner tho.
   * Added bin/ruby_parse
   * Added compare rule to Rakefile.
   * Added coverage files/dirs to clean rule.
   * Added file and line numbers to all sexp nodes. Column/ranges to  
come.
   * Added lex_state change for lvars at the end of yylex.
   * Added lexed comments to defn/defs/class/module nodes.
   * Added stats gathering for yylex. Reordered yylex for avg data
   * Added tSYMBOL token type and parser rule to speed up symbol lexing.
   * Added tally output for getch, unread, and unread_many.
   * Added tests for ambigous uminus/uplus, backtick in cmdarg, square  
and curly brackets, numeric gvars, eos edge cases, string quoting %<>  
and %%%.
   * All cases throughout yylex now return directly if they match, no  
passthroughs.
   * All lexer cases now slurp entire token in one swoop.
   * All zarrays are now just empty arrays.
   * Changed s(:block_arg, :blah) to :"&blah" in args sexp.
   * Cleaned up lexer error handling. Now just raises all over.
   * Cleaned up read_escape and regx_options
   * Cleaned up tokadd_string (for some definition of cleaned).
   * Converted single quoted strings to new tSTRING token type.
   * Coverage is currently 94.4% on lexer.
   * Done what I can to clean up heredoc lexing... still sucks.
   * Flattened resbodies in rescue node. Fixed .autotest file.
   * Folded lex_keywords back in now that it screams.
   * Found very last instanceof ILiteralNode in the code. haha!
   * Got the tests subclassing PTTC and cleaned up a lot. YAY
   * Handle yield(*ary) properly
   * MASSIVELY cleaned out =begin/=end comment processor.
   * Massive overhaul on Keyword class. All hail the mighty Hash!
   * Massively cleaned up ident= edge cases and fixed a stupid bug  
from jruby.
   * Merged @/@@ scanner together, going to try to do the same  
everywhere.
   * Refactored fix_arg_lex_state, common across the lexer.
   * Refactored new_fcall into new_call.
   * Refactored some code to get better profile numbers.
   * Refactored some more #fix_arg_lex_state.
   * Refactored tail of yylex into its own method.
   * Removed Module#kill
   * Removed Token, replaced with Sexp.
   * Removed all parse_number and parse_quote tests.
   * Removed argspush, argscat. YAY!
   * Removed as many token_buffer.split(//)'s as possible. 1 to go.
   * Removed begins from compstmts
   * Removed buffer arg for tokadd_string.
   * Removed crufty (?) solo '@' token... wtf was that anyhow?
   * Removed most jruby/stringio cruft from StringScanner.
   * Removed one unread_many... 2 to go. They're harder.
   * Removed store_comment, now done directly.
   * Removed token_buffer. Now I just use token ivar.
   * Removed use of s() from lexer. Changed the way line numbers are  
gathered.
   * Renamed *qwords to *awords.
   * Renamed StringScanner to RPStringScanner (a subclass) to fix  
namespace trashing.
   * Renamed parse to process and aliased to parse.
   * Renamed token_buffer to string_buffer since that arcane shit  
still needs it.
   * Resolved the rest of the lexing issues I brought up w/ ruby-core.
   * Revamped tokadd_escape.
   * Rewrote Keyword and KWtable.
   * Rewrote RubyLexer using StringScanner.
   * Rewrote tokadd_escape. 79 lines down to 21.
   * Split out lib/ruby_parser_extras.rb so lexer is standalone.
   * Started to clean up the parser and make it as skinny as possible
   * Stripped out as much code as possible.
   * Stripped yylex of some dead code.
   * Switched from StringIO to StringScanner.
   * Updated rakefile for new hoe.
   * Uses pure ruby racc if ENV['PURE_RUBY'], otherwise use c.
   * Wrote a ton of lexer tests. Coverage is as close to 100% as  
possible.
   * Wrote args to clean up the big nasty args processing grammar  
section.
   * lex_strterm is now a plain array, removed RubyLexer#s(...).
   * yield and super now flatten args.

* 21+ bug fixes:

   * I'm sure this list is missing a lot:
   * Fixed 2 bugs both involving attrasgn (and ilk) esp when lhs is an  
array.
   * Fixed a bug in the lexer for strings with single digit hex escapes.
   * Fixed a bug parsing: a (args) { expr }... the space caused a  
different route to be followed and all hell broke loose.
   * Fixed a bug with x\n=beginvar not putting begin back.
   * Fixed attrasgn to have arglists, not arrays.
   * Fixed bug in defn/defs with block fixing.
   * Fixed class/module's name slot if colon2/3.
   * Fixed dstr with empty interpolation body.
   * Fixed for 1.9 string/char changes.
   * Fixed lexer BS wrt determining token type of words.
   * Fixed lexer BS wrt pass through values and lexing words. SO STUPID.
   * Fixed lexing of floats.
   * Fixed lexing of identifiers followed by equals. I hope.
   * Fixed masgn with splat on lhs
   * Fixed new_super to deal with block_pass correctly.
   * Fixed parser's treatment of :colon2 and :colon3.
   * Fixed regexp scanning of escaped numbers, ANY number is valid,  
not just octs.
   * Fixed string scanning of escaped octs, allowing 1-3 chars.
   * Fixed unescape for \n
   * Fixed: omg this is stupid. '()' was returning bare nil
   * Fixed: remove_begin now goes to the end, not sure why it didn't  
before.


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