From: Brian Candler Date: 2008-09-03T22:16:27+09:00 Subject: Re: Open4 : undefined method `spawn' > seems strange to me because the method spawn IS defined in the "module > Open4" (lines 241-320) "include Mod" gives you access to the instance methods of the module, but not module methods. See http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Module.html irb(main):001:0> module Foo; def test1; puts "hello"; end; end => nil irb(main):002:0> module Bar; def self.test2; puts "bye"; end; end => nil irb(main):003:0> include Foo => Object irb(main):004:0> include Bar => Object irb(main):005:0> test1 hello => nil irb(main):006:0> test2 NameError: undefined local variable or method `test2' for main:Object from (irb):6 from :0 irb(main):007:0> Bar.test2 bye => nil So I haven't tried the Open4 gem, but probably you need "Open4.spawn" Regards, Brian.