From: Daniel Waite Date: 2008-04-10T06:08:35+09:00 Subject: Question of self module FunFunModule def self.included(base) base.extend ClassMethods class << base # <- Is this the instance of ActiveRecord? ... end end module ClassMethods ... end end The above code is included into ActiveRecord via... ActiveRecord::Base.send :include, FunFunModule Is the class << base on line 6 the actual instance of the AR model? -- Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.