From: ts Date: 2001-12-29T00:31:04+09:00 Subject: [ruby-talk:29538] Re: Module#included >>>>> "C" == Chr Rippel writes: C> The default action of #append_features is to ``append_features''. C> The default action of #included is to do nothing. Yes, another consequence is that class A extend M end can give a different result (if you don't change ::append_features, ::extend_object but define ::included) than class A class << self include M end end Guy Decoux