From: "Wolfgang Nádasi-Donner" Date: 2007-01-27T21:15:08+09:00 Subject: Re: pass by reference? May be it will be clearer to name an assignment "a = someobject" by what it really means: "Give a reference to object 'someobject' a name 'a' by definition". It's close to the ":=" used for definition in mathematics. If one uses this "a" as a "reference to 'someobject'" as an actual parameter in a method call, it means, that the "reference to 'someobject'" is actually used in the method. Clearly you cannot change "a", because you don't have access to this name "a" inside the method, but you can change the object "someobject" usually without any problems. If you change "someobject" this will have consequences for 'a', because the object ist changed, the reference is still the same. Wolfgang N�dasi-Donner