From: Paolo Nusco Perrotta <paolo.nusco.perrotta@...>
Date: 2007-01-24T23:40:05+09:00
Subject: Trickery in the ancestors chain

Try this:

  module M
    def hello; p 'M'; end
  end

  class C
    def hello; p 'C'; end
  end

  class D < C; end

  class C; include M; end
  class D; include M; end
  D.ancestors                      -> [D, C, M, Object, Kernel]
  D.new.hello                       -> "C"


Now restart from a clean slate and change the last few lines:

  class D; include M; end
  class C; include M; end
  D.ancestors                      -> [D, M, C, M, Object, Kernel]
  D.new.hello                       -> "M"


Ruby silently prevents you from including a module that has been
included by an ancestor. Why?