From: Trans Date: 2006-03-22T03:08:50+09:00 Subject: Re: once again looking for my module methods """ module Z def method; end end class A < Z end """ Interesting. Although David has taken this to mean a merger of Classes and Modules, that's not necessarily the case. It simply indicates a different treatment of said module. It would be as if a method other than #include were used. module Z def method; end end class A integrate Z end That really does seem like a win-win solution for all. Nice catch Wilson! T.