From: Trans Date: 2005-12-06T10:37:34+09:00 Subject: Re: Subclassing Class. > Yes, there is a way: Singleton classes or "eigenclasses". In this context it is generally called the metaclass. But I'm really digging this new "adhoc". As in, "He completely rewrote the method _adhoc_." BTW, factories come into play when the class of the object instantiated is unknown. I don't see that. It looks like you (John) are talking more about alternate instantation signitures --but maybe I've overlooked something in what you said. Nonetheless, it is true that a class method (class methods are adhoc) can be used in either case. T.