From: Trans Date: 2005-08-29T13:16:33+09:00 Subject: Hash.new(confusion) irb(main):006:0> def r irb(main):007:1> @r ||= Hash.new({}) irb(main):008:1> end => nil irb(main):009:0> r[:a] => {} irb(main):010:0> r[:b][:c] = 10 => 10 irb(main):011:0> r => {} irb(main):012:0> r[:b] => {:c=>10} irb(main):013:0> Please explain how r is empty but r[:b] exists. Thank You. T.