From: hanmac@...
Date: 2019-10-17T07:24:11+00:00
Subject: [ruby-core:95388] [Ruby master Feature#13683] Add strict	Enumerable#single

Issue #13683 has been updated by Hanmac (Hans Mackowiak).


Dan0042 (Daniel DeLorme) wrote:
> +1
> 
> I actually have this as `single` in my own code, but `only` sounds fine also. I'd want a non-raising version (perhaps via a `raise` keyword arg?), as my usage tends to be like this:
> 
> ```ruby
> if match = filenames.select{ |f| f.start_with?(prefix) }.single
>   redirect_to match
> end
> ```

instead of `#select`, shouldn't you use `#find` so it doesn't need to check the others when it already found a match?

----------------------------------------
Feature #13683: Add strict Enumerable#single
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13683#change-82101

* Author: dnagir (Dmytrii Nagirniak)
* Status: Feedback
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: 
* Target version: 
----------------------------------------
### Summary

This is inspired by other languages and frameworks, such as LINQ's [Single](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb155325%28v=vs.110%29.aspx) (pardon MSDN reference), which has very big distinction between `first` and `single` element of a
collection.

- `first` normally returns the top element, and the developer assumes
  there could be many;
- `single` returns one and only one element, and it is an error if there
  are none or more than one.

We, in Ruby world, very often write `fetch_by('something').first`
assuming there's only one element that can be returned there.

But in majority of the cases, we really want a `single` element.

The problems with using `first` in this case:

- developer needs to explicitly double check the result isn't `nil`
- in case of corrupted data (more than one item returned), it will never
  be noticed

`Enumerable#single` addresses those problems in a very strong and
specific way that may save the world by simply switching from `first` to
`single`.

### Other information

- we may come with a better internal implementation (than `self.map`)
- better name could be used, maybe `only` is better, or a bang version?
- re-consider the "block" implementation in favour of a separate method (`single!`, `single_or { 'default' }`)


The original implementation is on the ActiveSupport https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/26206
But it was suggested to discuss the possibility of adding it to Ruby which would be amazing.



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