From: merch-redmine@... Date: 2018-07-23T01:49:22+00:00 Subject: [ruby-core:88055] [Ruby trunk Feature#14183] "Real" keyword argument Issue #14183 has been updated by jeremyevans0 (Jeremy Evans). mame (Yusuke Endoh) wrote: > jeremyevans0 (Jeremy Evans) wrote: > > For a method definition like: > > > > ~~~ > > def foo(hsh={}) > > end > > ~~~ > > > > Will either of the following continue to work?: > > > > ~~~ > > foo(key: val) > > foo(:key => val) > > ~~~ > > No, it will not work. You need to rewrite the definition to `def foo(**hsh)`. If that was the only change, it wouldn't be a big deal. However, in addition to `foo(:key => val)` calls, there are also `foo(hsh)` calls. So all callers that pass hashes would need to change from `foo(hsh)` to `foo(**hsh)`. And that also breaks if there are any non-symbol keys in the hash. In the libraries I maintain, this will be a bigger breaking change than 1.8 -> 1.9. If the decision has already been made and there is no turning back, there should probably be deprecation warnings added for it in 2.6, anytime keywords are passed to a method that accepts a default argument, or anytime a hash is passed when keyword arguments should be used. > > One performance issue with keyword arguments is that keyword splats allocate a hash per splat, even if no keywords are used. > > If the issue really matters, it can be fixed by lazy Hash allocation, like block parameters (#14045). This does really matter, excessive hash allocation has a significant negative effect on performance. In addition to all of the code churn in libraries required to support this change, users of the libraries will also have to accept a significant performance hit until there is an allocation-less way to pass keyword arguments from one methods to another. > The following behavior will be abandoned: > > * keyword argument is passed to a last normal parameter > * last normal hash argument is passed to keyword parameters Is it possible to abandon one of these without the other? Abandoning "last normal hash argument is passed to keyword parameters" only breaks code that uses keyword arguments. Abandoning "keyword argument is passed to a last normal parameter" (supported at least back to Ruby 1.8) breaks tons of ruby code that never used keyword arguments, just to supposedly fix problems that were caused by keyword arguments. If keyword arguments are not part of the method definition, then what is the issue with converting keyword arguments to a hash argument? > It still needs more work. It does not support yet methods written in C because C methods always handles keyword arguments as normal arguments. What will happen to external C extension gems that use `rb_get_kwargs` and `rb_extract_keywords`, both of which accept a hash? ---------------------------------------- Feature #14183: "Real" keyword argument https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14183#change-73077 * Author: mame (Yusuke Endoh) * Status: Open * Priority: Normal * Assignee: * Target version: Next Major ---------------------------------------- In RubyWorld Conference 2017 and RubyConf 2017, Matz officially said that Ruby 3.0 will have "real" keyword arguments. AFAIK there is no ticket about it, so I'm creating this (based on my understanding). In Ruby 2, the keyword argument is a normal argument that is a Hash object (whose keys are all symbols) and is passed as the last argument. This design is chosen because of compatibility, but it is fairly complex, and has been a source of many corner cases where the behavior is not intuitive. (Some related tickets: #8040, #8316, #9898, #10856, #11236, #11967, #12104, #12717, #12821, #13336, #13647, #14130) In Ruby 3, a keyword argument will be completely separated from normal arguments. (Like a block parameter that is also completely separated from normal arguments.) This change will break compatibility; if you want to pass or accept keyword argument, you always need to use bare `sym: val` or double-splat `**` syntax: ``` # The following calls pass keyword arguments foo(..., key: val) foo(..., **hsh) foo(..., key: val, **hsh) # The following calls pass **normal** arguments foo(..., {key: val}) foo(..., hsh) foo(..., {key: val, **hsh}) # The following method definitions accept keyword argument def foo(..., key: val) end def foo(..., **hsh) end # The following method definitions accept **normal** argument def foo(..., hsh) end ``` In other words, the following programs WILL NOT work: ``` # This will cause an ArgumentError because the method foo does not accept keyword argument def foo(a, b, c, hsh) p hsh[:key] end foo(1, 2, 3, key: 42) # The following will work; you need to use keyword rest operator explicitly def foo(a, b, c, **hsh) p hsh[:key] end foo(1, 2, 3, key: 42) # This will cause an ArgumentError because the method call does not pass keyword argument def foo(a, b, c, key: 1) end h = {key: 42} foo(1, 2, 3, h) # The following will work; you need to use keyword rest operator explicitly def foo(a, b, c, key: 1) end h = {key: 42} foo(1, 2, 3, **h) ``` I think here is a transition path: * Ruby 2.6 (or 2.7?) will output a warning when a normal argument is interpreted as keyword argument, or vice versa. * Ruby 3.0 will use the new semantics. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/ Unsubscribe: