[ruby-core:84291] [Ruby trunk Misc#14190] What are the semantics of $SAFE?

Issue #14190 has been reported by Eregon (Benoit Daloze).

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Misc #14190: What are the semantics of $SAFE?
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14190

* Author: Eregon (Benoit Daloze)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: 
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$SAFE is documented in many places as thread-local, but it seems more than that.
For example:

    # a.rb
    $SAFE=1
    p $SAFE
    require "#{Dir.pwd.untaint}/b.rb"

    # b.rb
    p [:in_b, $SAFE]

gives:

    $ ruby -r./a -e 'p $SAFE'
    1
    [:in_b, 0]
    0

So in b and in -e, $SAFE is 0.
Is it file-based somehow?

I was trying to understand what
https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/7c4306e6e9c3c4a255f4ad20134c1832dbe45ba2/test/rubygems/test_gem.rb#L9-L13
is supposed to do.
Does it make sense? What does it do?
It seems the test_* methods in that file actually read $SAFE as 0, not 1.



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