[ruby-core:119855] [Ruby master Bug#20883] sprintf with binary strings has incorrect coderange

Issue #20883 has been reported by jhawthorn (John Hawthorn).

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Bug #20883: sprintf with binary strings has incorrect coderange
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20883

* Author: jhawthorn (John Hawthorn)
* Status: Open
* ruby -v: ruby 3.3.5 (2024-09-03 revision ef084cc8f4) [x86_64-linux]
* Backport: 3.1: DONTNEED, 3.2: REQUIRED, 3.3: REQUIRED
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In [9dc6065](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/9dc60653db186b1ae9400ed75b413a07728ce6ff) we stopped updating the coderange when the encoding became ENCINDEX_ASCII_8BIT. Though ASCII-8BIT (binary) can't ever have a broken coderange, it does need to distinguish between 7bit and valid.

``` ruby
puts ("%s" % "\xe2".b).ascii_only?
# => false from Ruby 2.1 to 3.1
# => true (incorrect) on Ruby 3.2 and 3.3
# => false again on HEAD
```

This was fixed in master as part of #20189, which clears the coderange in more cases of `rb_str_resize` which happens to fix this, but we shouldn't rely on it.

https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/12029



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