[ruby-core:114677] [Ruby master Feature#19871] Add __owner__

Issue #19871 has been updated by konsolebox (K B).


The changes needed to implement this turned out to be just simple so I went ahead and just created a PR in https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/8411.

The difference between using `method(__method__).owner` and using `__owner__` can be demonstrated in the following code:

``` ruby
module M
  C = 1234

  def m
    puts "method(__method__).owner: #{method(__method__).owner}"
    puts "method(__method__).owner::C: #{method(__method__).owner::C}"
    puts "__owner__: #{__owner__}"
    puts "__owner__::C: #{__owner__::C}"
  end
end

class N
  include M
  C = 5678

  def m
    super
  end
end

N.new.m

```
Output:
```
method(__method__).owner: N
method(__method__).owner::C: 5678
__owner__: M
__owner__::C: 1234
```


----------------------------------------
Feature #19871: Add __owner__
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19871#change-104506

* Author: konsolebox (K B)
* Status: Open
* Priority: Normal
----------------------------------------
Which will give the owner of the currently executing method.

`method(__method__).owner` or `method(__callee__).owner` isn't enough since it may return a different owner if the method is overridden.

Relying on calling the name of its owner is also theoretically not reliable since the constant can be overshadowed and it makes code less portable when moving it from one namespace to another.



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